I bathed biography

Classic of Belarusian literature of the General century. The famous Belarusian poet Yanka Kupala created dozens of heroic poems, one of which - “boys and pilots” - inspired Yuri Gagarin to fly into space. Like many authors of the Soviet period, Yanka had to endure persecution by the authorities, he repeatedly looked into the eyes of death. The death of the poet is still an occasion for the study of historians and art historians.

In the early years, Ivan Dominikovich Lutsevich, the real name of the writer was born on July 7 in the Belarusian village of Kubel. The boy’s parents were gentry who professed Catholicism. They gave the name to their son in honor of the prophet John the Baptist. The first references to the Lutsevichs are found in the annals of the General century, when the grandfather of the future writer leased a large plot of land from the family of wealthy Lithuanians.

Despite his privileged status, Dominic Onufrievich paid for these lands until the end of his life. Ivan tried to help his father in everything, but his main aspiration was admission to the Belarusian school. Eight children grew up in the boy’s family - three brothers and five sisters. At the beginning of the century, the head of the family died, after him there were no sisters and one of the brothers who were infected by Scarlatina.

Yanka Kupala in his youth, Ivan replaced his main man's family, which allowed him to avoid an draft in the army. The draft documents of the young man have been preserved, according to which he was supposed to serve in the Borisov district regiment. The young man only got into the army only in the year. The poet’s biography was not easy - from an early youth he had to be responsible for the entire large family.

At first, the young man worked as part in a distillery, then he settled down a janitor and distributed leaflets on the streets. The young man was not shy about any work that could ensure the food for his brothers and sisters. In M Mother’s nephew, Yanka Avlochinsky convinced the aunt that it was time for Ivan to start an independent life. At the same time, he promised the woman that he would help the family without a breadwinner.

And so it turned out: Yanka married one of the sisters of Ivan, moved to their house and began to take care of all households. Ivan moved to the capital, where his creative biography began. Ivan began literature with works in Polish. The first works of the novice author were published in the magazine Grain and signed by the pseudonym K-A in July of the year, the Light saw the poet’s debut work in Belarusian, called “My Fraction”.

After the publication in the edition of the North-Western Territory, the poems of the author became interested in the art of poetry from Belarus and the nearest states. At that time, several publications in the Belarusian language were opened in Vilnius, the most popular of which were our Niva and our share. By that time, the poet was already known as Yanka Kupala. The poet Yanka Kupal Pseudonym Lutsevich took in honor of the national holiday.

According to legend, on the night of this holiday a fern bloomed, and finding its flower was a great success. As Lutsevich admitted, he wanted to become for his readers the very flower that would bring them good luck. The first collection of Kupala verses called "Dudochka" saw the light of the year. The authorities reacted to the publication extremely negatively, announcing the book of anti -government.

The circulation was completely removed from the sale, and the author was arrested. Having been released after conclusion, Yanka quit the editorial office of our Niva, so as not to harm the reputation of the authorities. Bryusov became the first poet to translate the works of the Belarusian colleague into Russian. In M, Yanka released a second poetic collection called Guslyar, after which he took up theater drama.

Lutsevich became one of the founders of the Belarusian theater. His works “Dream on the Kurgan” and “Eternal Memory” were included in the golden heritage of the dramatic art of the republic. In the year, the author presented the comedy “Pavlinka”, which became the real pearl of the work of the playwright. The play tells the story of a girl who chooses a lover contrary to the will of parents.

The main role in the production went to the first muse of the author - an actress named Modelka. A year later, Kupal began to work on the autobiographical play “Railed Nest”, whose heroes lose most of the acquired property.

In the same period, Yanka presented the third poetry collection “The road of life”. This work was perceived very positively, which convinced the poet to return to the editorial office of our Niva. In the spring of the year, Yanka was elected to the position of chief editor of the publication. With the advent of the Bolsheviks in the work of Yanka Kupala, many new works that were not characteristic of him appeared earlier.

A striking example of this was the tragicomedy “local”, telling about a person trying to join the constantly changing realities of life. Attempts to adapt lead a young man to unpleasant consequences, and as a result, a tragic fracture occurred in his fate. The play has gained immense popularity among the audience, but the authorities saw in it a negative coloring.The work was soon forbidden to show.

Yanka also wrote about adaptability in other works, this topic was clearly traced right up to the Great Patriotic War. This caused a negative reaction from the authorities and the press loyal to them, which has led to the persecution of the poet. At the beginning of the X, the situation was so aggravated that Lutsevich began to be considered Belarusian nationalists.

The endless persecution and denunciations of “well -wishers” originated in the head of the poet thought of suicide. Before the planned suicide, the playwright left a note addressed to the head of the Belarusian government Alexander Cherekov: “Once again, before death, I declare that I was not in any counter -revolutionary organization and I am not going to be. Apparently, such a share of poets.

Yesenin hanged himself, Mayakovsky shot himself, well, the road is there behind them. ” An attempt to take the scores with the life of Janka failed. Later, the poet was forced to publish open letters and admit ideological mistakes. After the apology to the Soviet government, Lutsevich was finally left alone and even awarded high government awards. The author received this high award after the publication of the collection “From the Heart”.

The first lines from the work are “partisans, partisans, Belarusian sons! In compound, the poet continued to translate the creations of Russian and European authors into Belarusian. Thanks to the works of the Yankees, his compatriots got acquainted with dozens of works, including the “Copper Horseman”, “The Word of Igor’s Regiment” and other masterpieces of world literature. Maxim Tank’s personal life may be familiar with a huge impact on the poet’s personal life and his creative research was exerted by the Belarusian artist Pavlina Maidelka, thanks to which the plays “She and I”, “Bondarovna” appeared, “I managed to crown it like that” and many others.

The acquaintance of young people took place in the year. The writer was so delighted with the talent of his lover that he decided to give the main role in the play “Pavlinka” only to her. The artist experienced response feelings for the poet and perceived his courtship with great pleasure. Yanka Kupala with the wife of Vladislava young people did not have a novel, they drew a source of creative inspiration in each other.

Nevertheless, the marriage of the playwright with Vladislava Stankevich became a personal tragedy for the actress. The bride and bride married in Moscow according to Catholic traditions. Kupala and his wife lived together for more than a quarter of a century, but there were no children in their family. It is known that the husband and wife planned to adopt the child. After the death of Yanka Vladislav lived another 18 years, filled with memory of her loved one.

At the end of the war, the woman founded a museum in Minsk dedicated to the memory of her famous spouse. This cultural object operates in Belarus to this day. The death of the great Belarusian poet was gone under unclear circumstances. In June, the poet was invited to Moscow, where he met with old friends and invited them to the upcoming summer anniversary.

After 10 days, the playwright went to a creative meeting, from where he disappeared for an unknown reason, uttering only the phrase: "I am for a minute." A few minutes later there was a noise from the corridor, attracting the attention of the gathered guests. Friends of the playwright discovered him at the bottom of the staircase. And that moment the writer no longer guided the signs of life.

The tragedy occurred on June 28 in the beginning of the X Belarusian national poet was reburied in Minsk.