Tyutchev’s biography is complete

Tyutchev’s tribal Tree is known since the year, and in it Fedor Ivanovich is a representative of the GO generation. In negotiations with Mamai, demanding an increase in Dani, which Moscow paid him, Tyutchev, despite the threats of the khan, fearlessly defended the dignity of the Moscow Grand Duke. On the way back, Zakhary was not even afraid to break the khan's letter, humiliating for Dmitry, and sent her shreds to the Horde.

The rumor about the bold act of Zachariah brought this Moscow diplomat of the XIV century so widely fame that under the name of the "Russian ambassador Zacharia Tyutrin" He became the hero of the folk tale "About the Mama of the Brivist". Zakhary Tyutchev is the ancestor of the Tyutchevs. Among his descendants, servic nobles of Moscow Rus', there were many governor, stolniks, and cooking.

For their service, they received rewards with estates and "attached to the salary." So, for example, the Bryansk district leader of the nobility was one time of the second-Mayor Nikolai Andreyevich Tyutchev, a typical representative of the Russian basement of the era of serfdom. Memoir data draw N. Tyutchev as a person who was distinguished, like some of his other relatives, "a rampant and arbitrariness that reached a frenzy." The youngest of the three sons of N.

Tyutchev from marriage with the Oryol nobleman Pelagei Denisovna Panyutina, Ivan Nikolaevich, studied in the St. Petersburg Greek Corps, then served in the guard. Having retired with the rank of lieutenant, he switched to the civil service and rose to the modest rank of the court adviser. In the year, he married Ekaterina Lvovna Tolstoy, who, at the age of twelve, lost her mother and was brought up by her aunt - Countess A.

Thus, the Tyutchevs were related to the sannish surname Ostermanov. It was there that on November 23, the son of Fedor, the future poet, was born in the Tyutchev family. In addition to him, there were two more children in the family - the eldest son of Nikolai, subsequently Colonel of the General Staff, and Daria’s daughter, in the marriage of Sushkov, but “Fedenka” was considered a common pamper and favorite.

He grew up, surrounded by the cares of relatives and his uncle, Nikolai Afanasievich Khlopov, who was a freed -released serf Tatishchevs. The outstanding Russian poet F. Tyutchev was born on November 23 on December 5 in the village of Ovstug, the Oryol province of the Bryansk region. His parents belonged to the old, but not very rich noble family according to legend, the Tyutchevs left Russia from Italy in the XIV century.

Since the year, the Tyutchev family lived in Moscow, in the house of the aunt of Tyutchev’s mother - Countess A. Osterman, and at the end of the year the mother of the future poet - E. Children's and youthful years of F. Tyutchev took place in Moscow. He received excellent home education; From the end of the year, his teacher of literature was a young poet and literary critic S. Raich, who encouraged his first poetic experiments.

Under the influence of the teacher, the boy begins to translate Horace, composes his own poems at the age of 12, and at the age of 14, on March 30, he is elected by an employee of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. By that time, Tyutchev had already attended the lectures of the poet and translator A. Merzlyakov at Moscow University as a free -list of, and in November he was enrolled in the verbal department as a student, and graduated from him in the year, in two years instead of three years.

Tyutchev receives in November the degree of candidate of verbal sciences, and in February, his mother arranges his son in a prestigious state -owned collegium of foreign affairs in St. Petersburg, however, to the modest place of an super -valley official in the Russian diplomatic mission at the Bavarian royal court in Munich. Since that time, his connection with the Russian literary life is interrupted for a long time.

Tyutchev completely devoted himself to diplomacy, he treated poetry as a hobby and did not show them to anyone. In the year, he spends a vacation in Russia, becomes a witness to the uprising on Senate Square in St. Petersburg. Despite the fact that in his student years Tyutchev was influenced by freedom -loving political ideas, he did not support the uprising, with pity and bitterness called the Decembrists "victims of thought of reckless thought." Having married her, Fedor took the custody of the elements of the first marriage under the guardianship and three children.

Of course, Tyutchev continues to write his own poems, so in the spring of the year, through his colleague, Prince I. Gagarin and Bavarian Baroness Amalia Krudener Tyutchev sends several of his works to St. Petersburg. They came to Pushkin, caused his delight with the depth of thought, the brightness of colors, the novelty and power of the poetic language and were printed in October-December of the year in the magazine "Contemporary" under the characteristic name "Poems sent from Germany" with the signature "F.

in Germany, Tyutchev spent almost 15 years. In May, he receives a three-month vacation, which spends in St. Petersburg, and 3 Augustus is appointed first secretary in the affairs of the Russian Mission in Turin. Departure to Switzerland for a wedding with E.Dernberg laid an end to his diplomatic service. For two years, he persistently searched for ways to return to the service, but everything was useless, on June 30, Tyutchev was excluded from among the officials of the Ministry "for long -term non -consumption from vacation." The poet resigned and settled in Munich, where he spent five years without any official situation.

In the summer of the year, Tyutchev came to Russia, was in Moscow with his parents and in St. Petersburg, and a year later, in the summer of the year, he finally returns to Russia, transferring his entire family to St. Petersburg. In March, Tyutchev was again enrolled in the department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, receives the court rank of chamberlain, and leads a secular and court life for some time.

Continuing career growth, on February 15, Tyutchev was appointed an official of special assignments under the state chancellor. He regarded the revolutionary events in Europe as the beginning of the death of European civilization. Tyutchev shared Slavophilian ideas and was one of the zealous preachers of Panaslavism. The poet was given a special place in Moscow, which, along with Rome and Constantinople, considered one of the three "treasured capitals" of the coming World Empire.

In the years, Tyutchev spoke with political articles “Russia and Germany”, “Russia and the revolution”, “Papacy and the Roman question”, concluding about the inevitability of a clash between Russia and the West and the final celebration of “Russia of the Future”, which seemed to him by the “omnovalian” empire. The beginning of the poetic fame of Tyutchev, the impetus for his active creativity was the article by Nekrasov “Russian Secondary Poets” in the magazine “Contemporary” in January of the year, which spoke about the talent of this poet, not noticed by criticism, and 24 poems by Tyutchev were printed.

The poet came real recognition. In March, in St. Petersburg, in the application to the magazine "Contemporary", the first collection of Tyutchev poems, in the same year, was published by a separate book. To prepare the first poetic collection of Tyutchev, a prominent Moscow writer N. Sushkov, the husband of sister Tyutchev, who held the literary salon, made a lot of efforts. Tyutchev himself practically did not take any participation in the literary life of both Moscow and St.

Petersburg and cared much about the publication of his poems. This was the second discovery of Tyutchev lyric in his homeland, and this time the success was great. The collection of poems, published in the year, was dedicated to Elena Denisieva. These relations began in July and ended on August 4 by the untimely death of E. Denisieva in St. Petersburg.

The fatal and tragic "last love" Tyutcheva gave birth to beautiful lyrical poems "Denisievsky Cycle". But it was hard not only to Tyutchev and Denisieva, because she suffered in the same way, tried to commit suicide and, in the end, the first wife of Tyutchev Eleanor died, who did not endure his beautiful and fascinating novel in Genoa with a young lovely widow of Ernestina Dernberg and three small daughters of the death of the sea fire on the steamboat " I ", and in the same way the poet was tormented by remorse, all turned gray, cried, expressed the inescapable tragedy of loss in the disturbing images of his lyrics.

His poem "Oh, how murderously we love" became a story of such a painful, sinful, condemned by a society of love. In the fall of the year, Tyutchev was elected to the corresponding members of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences for the separation of the Russian language and literature. In April, Tyutchev was appointed chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee, more than once acting as an intercessor of persecuted publications.

The poet who did not very tired his position took this not very tiring until his death. In March, the second and last lifetime edition of Tyutchev’s poems, prepared by I. Aksakov, who married the eldest daughter of Tyutchev Anna and the youngest son of the poet - Ivan, was published. Not all Tyutchev’s lyrical heritage has reached us, some of the poems were herself by an annoying error or negligence burned when analyzing the papers or lost.

There are few poems that make up the poet’s lyrics. Turgenev spoke about a hundred works, their potterns numbered several dozen. Tyutchev himself asked not to publish his poems “in case”, he also has many political verses and translations from foreign poets. Many lines of Tyutchev belong to the masterpieces of Russian poetry: “insomnia”, “summer evening”, “vision”, “last cataclysm”, “how the ocean embraces the ball of the earth”, “autumn evening”, “spring waters”, “pelvision is in the sea waves”, “these poor villages” his famous, which was in all auntary, and studied in his mind and learned Poems "Spring Thunderstorm" by the pre -revolutionary gymnasium students and Soviet schoolchildren, many Tyutchev’s poems are laid to the music "Spring Waters" S.

Rakhmaninova et al. The best works of the love lyrics of Tyutchev are certainly the poem “I met you - and everything is the past”, the love memory of great power, the great Russian romance about the unexpectedly returned love, written at the sunset of life by a little gray -haired old man. Instead of the title - the mysterious letters "K.According to one version, Tyutchev, hiding the name of the addressee, deliberately rearranged the initials - “Krudener Baroness”, the very one that Tyutchev’s poems once brought to Pushkin from Germany.

Amalia von Lerhenfeld, in the marriage of the Baroness Krudener, the side of the Prussian king, the famous beauty, the famous beauty, flickered three times in Tyutchev’s life: as his young creation in the first year of his work in Munich, as a magnificent and very influential secular lady in St. Petersburg, was caring for Emperor Nicholas I, Benkendorf and Pushkin.

The third time this happened when the dying poet suddenly saw at his bed the still attractive Amalia, who suddenly visited Tyutchev to give him a farewell kiss. Another, less touching, but perhaps a more plausible version suggests that the poem "K. The last years of Tyutchev’s life are overshadowed by heavy losses. He carries one loss after another: Denisiev dies from the consumption, two of their children - the eldest son and daughter Maria, his mother, brother of the poet’s life fades away.

In January, a serious illness begins. In May, he, broken by paralysis, was transported to Tsarskoye Selo. There, in Tsarskoye Selo, July 15, Tyutchev died. The poet’s funeral took place on July 18 at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg. By the anniversary of the poet’s birth on the year of the grave of Fedor Tyutchev and his relatives were restored. Tyutchev is a poet, which was based on the main schools and directions of Russian lyrics, who not only did not read his brothers-poets, but also thought and spoke more often in French, for this was the generally accepted language of the then diplomacy, a Russian poet, who never lived among the Russians, was a faithful patriot of his homeland.

In one of his mother’s letters, excited by memories, Tyutchev admitted that Amalia, perhaps, his second greatest love. In the first place, he put not his wife, but Russia. And the faith in his country, which revealed the great moral truths to him, never left him: the mind will not understand Russia, one can only believe in Russia.