Bells of Russia biography

We invite you to excursions on the museum exhibitions: “Orthodox church vestments”, “Creation of soul and hands”, etc. Most exhibits are shown for the first time. You can order a tour right here on the site, as well as by phone or email. We bring to your attention the virtual cognitive program "Bell of Russia". Our Fatherland - Russia, has many symbols. It is called Rus' - Vasilkova, Rus' - chamomile, Rus' - birch ...

And Russia is also called bell, because there are many churches and bells on our Earth. In no country in the world, they did not like bells as in Rus'. The bell ringing is consonant with the Russian soul. The bells are called Russian miracle. Bell ringing is the voice of our Motherland and another symbol of our state. In ancient times, when various troubles or misfortunes occurred in Rus', and people had to be urgently convened, people hit the metal or wooden boards, which were called beaten.

With the help of such sound signals, people were collected to the church. And then the bells appeared. There is a legend about how the first bells appeared. In Russia, bells appeared for a very long time. The bell ringing came to Russia with the adoption of Christianity in the 10th century. First, the casting of bells was ordered to the Western masters.

Then, in the 13th century, the Russians began to cast bells in Kyiv, so quickly advanced in their skill that they surpassed their Western colleagues both in beauty and in terms of bell ringing. And by the end of the 19th century there were already more than 20 bell plants in Russia. They were located in such large cities as Moscow, Petersburg, Kharkov, Voronezh, Saratov ...

Many events were connected with the sound of a bell in Rus'.

The bells convened people for church services and holidays, they notified people about fires and attacks of enemies, reported the return of soldiers from the battlefield, and announced the upcoming meeting of high guests. Every day in the morning and evening, from early childhood and until the death hour, the Russian man heard a bell ringing. The structure of the bell bell is a shock musical instrument.

The word "bell" was formed from the ancient Russian word "column", which means "circle", "bowl". Let's get acquainted with the structure of the bell. The Russian bell has the shape of a cone or cap. He has a “ear” for suspension, “shoulders”; The “body”, which is called “Tulovo”. In the middle there is a tongue - a metal rod with which they call the bell.

On the body are “upper” and “lower belts” with ornaments. The lower, flared part of the bell is called a skirt. The skirt was decorated with ornaments and inscriptions, where the name of the master, place and date of manufacture were indicated, or wrote a fun phrase. The inscriptions could be like that: “Whoever bought me will be happy”, “whom I love, give it to him.” An ornament was applied on the bell skirt - a pattern from a combination of geometric, plant or animal elements.

Russia has long been famous for its bells, the art of casting them. The casting of the bells was a very difficult and responsible business, and not every master was entrusted with this business. Bell masters enjoyed special honor and respect. They studied skill for a long time. If a large bell was cast, then a hundred people worked. They started work with prayer so that everything works out.

Most of the bells cast in the Moscow cannon yard, which was the center of cannon and bell production in Russia in the centuries. Bells in Rus' were cast from bell copper and tin or bronze, from silver. The cleaner the tin and copper were, the better the sound quality. The beauty of the sound depended not only on the alloy, but also on the shape of the bell and the thickness of its walls.

If the edge of the body of the bell was thin, then the sound turned out to be sonorous, gentle. With a large thickness - the sound turned out to be strong, thick. The most beautiful and huge bells that possessed a wonderful sound were made only in Russia. Let's see how the casting of bells in Russia was happening. The bell tower of Ivan the Great for the suspension of bells was built by high tower -shaped structures - the bell tower, which were near the church.

In Rus', the bell tower existed since the 14th century. The higher the bell tower, the further the bell ringing was heard. In ancient Moscow, it was not allowed to build buildings above the bell tower of Ivan the Great, because from its height day and night the sentinels viewed the surroundings of the city by dozens of miles around and warned Muscovites about the approach of the enemy or a fire.

Its height is almost 84 meters. In its four tiers - 37 bells, the weight of which is from kg to 32 tons. Listen to the ringing of bells on the bell tower of Ivan the Great Cell Tsar the largest bell in Russia-this is the King Cell. He is in Moscow in the Kremlin. The weight of the bell is tons, height - 6 meters. The Koloklok Tsar was ordered by Empress Anna Ioannovna. In the year, two craftsmen, father and son of Motorin, fulfilled her order - they cast a bell.

The bell was made, but it was left in the foundry, as the best artists and chasers adorned it with inscriptions and drawings. In the year there was a misfortune - a terrible fire occurred on the territory of the Kremlin.Forests over the foundry of the foundry, in which the bell was located, were covered with fire. The bell was very hot. To put out the fire, I had to pour a lot of ice water on top of it.

From the temperature difference, the bell cracked and a piece weighing 11.5 tons broke off from it. The King Cell never called. He was in the earthen pit of the year. For many years it was not possible to raise it. And only in the nineteenth century he was raised to the surface and put on a pedestal. He was cast by the decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in the year.

A bell weighing 65 tons was raised a man to a belfry. Trinity has a special density and sound power. About 20 bells were dropped into the anti -religious campaign of the year from the bell tower, including the gospel. In the year, the bell was rushed anew at the Baltic Plant in the traditions of Russian masters from the alloy of tin and copper. The bell is the most difficult of the current in Russia.

Its weight is 72 tons. He is decorated with images of all Radonezh saints. They lifted the gospel to the same place for about an hour under an endless bell ringing. The Uglich Nabati Bell exiled in the year this bell informed Uglich of the death of Tsarevich Dmitry. In the Spassky Cathedral, they beat the alarm on the orders of Queen Maria Naga. The townspeople gathered for the bell, “a great turmoil” and a lynch over the suspects in the murder became gathered.

The bell was thrown away from the bell tower, pulled out the tongue, executed the ears with the cut -off and sent to Tobolsk. In Siberia, he served in various churches, visited alarm, “watch” and “ringing”, and suffered from a fire. In the year, he was bought by the Tobolsk museum, and two years later he was solemnly returned to Uglich to the church of Demetrius on the blood.

The Besight of the Solovetsky Monastery, this bell is a monument of military valor, the gift of the monastery from Emperor Alexander II in memory of the heroic defense of the monastery in the year. Two guns of coastal artillery, eight - on the fortress wall and the procession stopped the attack of two English frigates. The ships were released around the monastery near shells and bombs, but the Solovetsky monastery remained unharmed and did not give up.

According to the imperial order, a bell weighing 75 pounds was cast. On the medallions of the bells depict paintings of the battle and the panorama of the monastery. The chapel specially built for placing the bell was not preserved, but the bell miraculously survived. The belfry of the Assumption Cathedral of the Rostov Kremlin is the most famous belfry is G.

Rostov the Great. This is the belfry of the Assumption Cathedral, which is located on the territory of the Rostov Kremlin. Rostov belfry is a unique bell ensemble. To make the bells easier to remember which bell to call, the bells were given names: a bear, a hunger strike, a ram, a goat, red, etc. The most famous Rostov bells: “Sysoy” - 32 tons, “Polyelee” - 16 tons and “Swan”. Each bell has its own sound.

Large bells have a thick and powerful sound, which spreads far around. The bells are small, they sound gently and loudly. From all over the world, people come to Rostov the Great to listen to the bell ringing.