Roosevelt biography photo

The American statesman, the US President, died on April 12, from the Democratic Party, he was elected 4 times for this post. He carried out a series of reforms "New Course". He made a significant contribution to the creation of the anti -Hitler coalition. He attached great importance to the creation of the UN and the post -expert international cooperation, in the soot. The future president was born in a rich and respectable family of James Roosevelt, whose ancestors emigrated from Holland to the new Amsterdam in the X.

Their descendants became the ancestors of the two branches of this surname, one of whom was given by US President T. Roosevelt, and the other - Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt's father owned the hereditary estate of the Hyde Park on the Hudson River and solid shares in a number of coal and transport companies. Roosevelt’s mother, Sarah Delaino, also belonged to the local aristocracy.

In childhood, Roosevelt traveled every summer with his parents in Europe, therefore, he was well-owned by foreign languages ​​and rested on the sea coast of New England or on the Canadian island of Kampobello near the East Port, Maine, where he was carried away by navigation. Until 14 years old, Roosevelt received home education. He studied at one of the best privileged schools in Groton Massachusetts.

He continued his education at Harvard University in Roosevelt, where he received a bachelor's degree. He attended the Law School of Colombian University and received the right to lawyer practice, which he began in a solid law firm at Wall Street. He married his cousin in the fifth knee Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, her father was the younger brother of President T. Roosevelt, who was an idol of Franklin.

Six children were born in the couple of Roosevelts, one of them died in infancy. Eleanor Roosevelt played a significant role in her husband’s political career, especially after, when he fell ill with polio and no longer parted with a wheelchair. In Roosevelt he accepted a tempting proposal from the Democratic Party of the United States in his native administrative district to run as a senator in the legislature of the state of New York and won.

In the election presidential campaign, he actively supported Democrat T. In the administration of President Wilson Roosevelt, the post of assistant to the sea minister was proposed. Without finalizing the third term in the state legislature, Roosevelt moved to Washington. As an assistant to the Sea Minister, he advocated strengthening the fleet, strengthening the defense capabilities of the United States, strong presidential power and active foreign policy.

He attempted to get a senator’s place in the US Congress, but failed. The defeat of the democratic party in the context of the growth of isolationist sentiments and a serious illness for a while removed Roosevelt from active political activity. But in him he was elected the governor of the New York state, influential in economic and political terms, which opened the way to the White House.

Having stayed for two terms as the governor, Roosevelt gained a very valuable experience that he was useful to him during the presidency. In, at the time of the aggravation of the economic crisis, he created the Temporary Extraordinary Administration to help the families of the unemployed. The tradition of communicating with voters through the radio famous “Camelly Conversations” also goes back to the time of Governor of Roosevelt.

In the presidential campaign, Roosevelt won an impressive victory over G. Hoover, who could not get the country out of the economic crisis of the Great Depression. During the election campaign, Roosevelt outlined the basic ideas of socio-economic transformations, which, on the recommendation of his advisers to the “brain trust”, the name “new course”, on the recommendation of its advisers.

In the first hundred days of his presidency, Roosevelt began in March carried out a number of important reforms. The banking system was restored. In May, Roosevelt signed a law on the creation of the Federal Extraordinary Administration Hungry and Unemployed. The law on refinancing of farming debt, as well as the law on the restoration of agriculture, which provided for state control over the volume of production of agricultural products, was adopted.

Roosevelt considered the most promising law on the restoration of industry, which provided for a whole set of government measures to regulate industry. In the field of labor, see important reforms were carried out. Wagner Law, social security, taxation, banking, etc. The impressive election victory allowed Roosevelt to advance in the field of civil construction, wages and labor legislation.

The laws adopted by Congress at the initiative of the President were a bold experiment of state regulation in order to change the distribution mechanism of the economy and social protection of the population. Roosevelt’s pre -war foreign policy was distinguished, on the one hand, flexibility and realism, and on the other, inconsistency and extreme caution.One of the foreign policy initiatives in the first months after Roosevelt came to power was the diplomatic recognition of the USSR in November in relations with the countries of Latin America, the policy of the “good neighbor” was proclaimed, which contributed to the creation of the Mezhameric Collective Security System.

However, the fear for the fate of domestic political reforms and the unwillingness to bind the United States with any obligations in a difficult international situation contributed to the fact that Roosevelt's foreign policy was in the nature of the neutrality of t. As a result of non-interference in the Italo-Ethiopian conflict and the civil war in Spain, legal governments were deprived of the opportunity to purchase American weapons and ammunition in the fight against well-armed powers-the Berlin-Roman axis.

Only in November, when the war in Europe was already blazing, Roosevelt achieved the cancellation of the article on the embargo for the sale of weapons and began to pursue a policy of assistance to the victims of aggression. Hitler Blitzkrieg in Europe and the third consecutive Roosevelt’s victory in the election activated the American aid of Great Britain. In the beginning, the president signed the “Law on the further strengthening of the defense capabilities of the United States and to promote other purposes” see the Lend-Lis Law applied to the USSR, which was granted an interest-free loan in the amount of 1 billion.

Roosevelt sought to limit itself to the supply of weapons as long as possible and, if possible, avoid the large-scale participation of the United States in the European War. At the same time, under the slogan of “active defense” since the fall in the Atlantic there was an “unnecessary war” with Germany. It was allowed to conduct targeted fire on German and Italian ships entering the US security zone, articles on neutrality legislation prohibiting the weapons of merchant ships and entering American vessels in the war zones were canceled.

The attack on December 7 of Japanese aircraft on the American Air Force base of Perl-Harbor in the Pacific Ocean was a surprise to Roosevelt, who tried in recent months through diplomatic negotiations to delay the inevitability of war with Japan. Roosevelt, in accordance with the constitution, took on all the duties of the commander in chief in wartime.

He made a lot of efforts to strengthen the anti -Hitler coalition, attaching great importance to the creation of the United Nations. At the same time, Roosevelt for a long time took a wait -and -see one on the issue of opening the second front.

But after the impressive victories of the Red Army near Stalingrad and on the Kursk arc, he was increasingly convinced that the USSR is a decisive factor in the defeat of the “axis” powers in Europe and that active cooperation with it in the post -war world is necessary. At the Tehran Conference, “Big Three”, Roosevelt was not supported by U. Churchill, who evaded specific issues about the opening of the second front.

Showing special attention to the issues of post -war peaceful settlement, Roosevelt for the first time at the Quebec Conference outlined his project to create an international organization and responsibility of the United States, Great Britain, the USSR and China of the Four Police to preserve the world. The discussion of this topic was continued at the Moscow Conference, the Tehran Conference and at a conference in the Dumbarton-Ox estate, Washington.

Roosevelt re-elected at the fourth term made a significant contribution to the historical decisions of the Crimean conference by his realistic position was dictated by sober accounting of the current military-strategic and political situation in connection with the successful advance of the Soviet troops in Eastern Europe, the desire to agree on the entry of the USSR in the war with Japan and the continuation of the post-war American-Soviet cooperation.

Upon returning from Yalta, Roosevelt, despite fatigue and ailment, continued to engage in public affairs and was preparing to open the United Nations in San Francisco on April 23. However, on April 12, the president died from a brain hemorrhage. He was buried in a guide park. In historiography, he is invariably put on a par with the most prominent US presidents J. Washington, T.

Jefferson and A.