Biography and poetics

Try the literature selection service. You can always turn off the advertisement. BIOOGRAPHY as a LITERARY FORM of Philosophizing the Author Analyzes The Biography as Literary Form of Philosophizing in Which There is a Synthesis of Theoretical, Artistic and Historical Thinking. The Purpose of Philosophical Biography Is Defined as a Concentrated Transfer of Integral Cultural Experience in Its Personal Form.

This Genre Sells The "Personological" Method, The Essence of Which Consists in the Consedation of Various Field -Trading Philosophical Reflection Throhugh Of the Personality of a Particular Person. Conceptualization of Life is not Built Here on the Model of the Macrocosm, and the Microcosm Model. Theoretical Concept of this model is not universal, and "Uniquelies" - a Particular Way of Conceptualizing A Personal Vision of the World.

The Existential Impact of Philosophical Biography on the Reader is in General Conformity with the Cultural Model of "Initiation" - The "Second Birth", THET IS A PowerFul Incentive Transformation of His Inner World, Development Life Horizon and Moral Qualites of the Person. The purpose of the philosophical biography is defined as a concentrated transfer of holistic cultural experience in its personal form.

This genre implements the personological method, the essence of which is the consideration of various spheres of traditional philosophical reflection through the "prism" of the personality of a particular person. The conceptualization of being here is not built according to the macrocosm model, but by the microcosm model. The theoretical concept of such a model is not a universal, but “unique” is a special way to conceptualize the personal vision of the world.

The existential impact of the philosophical biography on the reader as a whole corresponds to the cultural model of “initiation” - “second birth”, that is, it is a powerful stimulus for the transformation of its inner world, the development of a meaningful horizon and moral qualities of a person. Key words: philosophy, biography, personality, experience, “unique”, reflection, genre.

Theoretical Concept of this model is not universal, and "Uniquelies" - a Particular Way of Conceptualizing A Personal Vision of the World. The Existential Impact of Philosophical Biography on the Reader is in General Conformity with the Cultural Model of "Initiation" - The "Second Birth", Thut IS A PowerFul Incentive Transformation of His Inner World, Development Life Horizon and Moral Qualites of the Person.

Key Words: Philosophy, Biography, Personality, Experience "Uniquelies", Reflection, Genre. For personal use only. For Private Use Only. POUP: “The Proper Study of Mankind is Man”, which is translated in our publications as “an individual person is a compressed study of all mankind” 2. However, in a more literal and semantic translation, this poetic aphorism is a statement that for a genuine understanding of mankind, one must study a particular individual person.

Thus, this is not a romantic metaphor, but a folded conclusion, and this is not surprising, since A. Pupa belongs to the era of high classicism and thinks strictly rationalistically even within the framework of the poetic line. In turn, S. Zweig unfolds this aphorism into a concept, which can be called "metaphysical biography." This concept is based on a clear understanding of the significance of an individual as a living “organ” of culture and the human community - not in books and texts, but in a living person the highest values ​​and “ideal models” of life and culture are embodied.

And biography is the most direct way to their understanding and “decryption”. In particular, S. Zweig writes that in a series of images of the “builders of the world” he “tries to explain the creative aspirations of the spirit with the most vivid types, and the types, in turn, are shown by the“ fight against the demon ”shows Gölderlin, Kleist and Nietzsche as three different embodiments of the persecuted demon of the tragic spiritual nature, which crosses the struggle with the indifferent border laid as it, laid down as it.

The most, and real mi- 1, however, M. Three singers of their life Casanov, Stendhal, Tolstoy. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, the path of the "three singers of his life" does not lead to the boundless world, like the first, and not real, like the latter, but back to their own "I" "3. As you can see, although the study is conducted by artistic means, however its ultimate goal in this formulation of S.

Zweiga is purely philosophical. And this example is far from the only one. The creator of a special biography genre is not as a simple biography, but as a philosophical study of the personality, apparently, is R. Emerson, who created this type of biographical genre in his book “Representatives of mankind” - a modified course of lectures he read in England. For R. Emerson, a generalizing view of the entire European culture “from the side” was relevant, at an angle of view of the 13th lodge of culture, which needed to summarize the whole experience of the previous culture in concentrated personal samples.

A similar phenomenon of that time is the famous book T.Carlyle “Heroes, Heroes Cult and Heroic in History”, also born from a public course of lectures. Such a “lecture” and public birth of a philosophical biography is not accidental, but it clearly corresponds to the meaning and main task of this genre - the motivation of the historical and moral consciousness of people on the basis of bright personal samples.

If you use the concept of M. Petrova4 On the three historical types of sociocodes of the “thesaurus” of culture-the personal-ine archaic society, the professional-usual traditional society and the universal-condemnate modern-the emergence of a philosophical biography is nothing in the same place. The history of the European cultural tradition and its problems. How is this phenomenon caused?

Obviously, he is a direct response to the alienation of philosophy from everyday life, its professionalization in the framework of the universal -confidential sociocode is at the same time with the growth of the social need for the philosophical education of a secularized society that loses its semantic supports. At the same time, philosophizing in the form of an interpretation of outstanding personalities was not at all only “popular” literature, but both of the named books were outstanding achievements of philosophical thought and became its classic.

If for R. Emerson this genre has become a form of perception of the old culture of its young American branch, then T. Carlyle had a new genre with a means of “rejuvenation” of the oldest culture “from the inside” by its return to its heroic origins. But in both cases, the invasion of the archaic personal -ethnic sociocode - the “code” of personal models of thought and life as a whole - in modern culture meets the same need for self -renewal.

If we determine the general principle of this genre, then it can be designated as a personologian method, the essence of which consists in a kind of inversion - the consideration of various spheres of traditional philosophical reflection through the “prism” of the personality of a particular person, his creative world. Here, it is not a person who is analyzed by applying to it already established globalview, psychological, religious, political and historiosophical concepts, but, on the contrary, these concepts themselves are rethought in the context of the specifics of the personal experience of a given person.

Based on this working definition, the purpose of this article is to analyze the basic definitions of the genre of philosophical biography of the biography as a form of philosophizing and its poetics, based on the experience of the existing samples of this genre, and from a certain understanding of the nature and goals of philosophy itself. In a general sense, our understanding of this nature and goals consists in understanding philosophy as a special intellectual practice aimed at the formation, creation and transformation of personal being, that is, first of all, the content and volume of the concept of “philosophical biography” should be determined.

This issue has already been considered in the latest publications. For example, as I. Polyakova writes, “the main feature of a philosophical biography is a conceptually designed and reasonable understanding of another life. This is not necessarily the biography of the philosopher, although the philosopher can be her character. However, with this approach, there is a serious danger to dissolve the biographical component, the whole life of the hero in the worldview position of the author of the biography ”5.

In this fairly meaningful characteristic, however, the boundaries of the genre are very blurry, so this definition requires clarification.

Yes, a philosophical biography is not necessarily a biography of a philosopher, it is a biography of any person, but written by a philosopher. However, for such a biography, the philosopher should also be a writer and a historian. Sometimes a writer or historian becomes a philosopher, as I. Tambov, Meta Polyakova: “letter”, Emerson, etc. In addition, philosophy in this genre should return from his special terminology to the natural language, from which she at one time came out.

Often at the same time turning into an oral word and oratory - as in the indicated cases. When a philosopher becomes the subject of philosophical biography, a special situation arises here - the philosopher should appear as a living person, and not just the author and thinker - and thereby demonstrate the life sources of his teachings. In this case, the skill of "decryption" of the context of ideas is required.

In the collective monograph “The diversity of the genres of philosophical discourse”, the biography of the philosopher and even more so the biography in general as a genre form of philosophical creativity by its authors is not distinguished. But the leading author of this book by V. Plotnikov formulated a fundamentally important theoretical and methodological situation, which, in fact, already contains the basis for highlighting the biography in a special philosophical genre.

By his definition, philosophy “is forced to build and rebuild each time to work differently with concepts, and in the future, modeling the life worlds of individuals, it will have to do the same. But the philosopher will have to work with new tools - with the so -called uni -kali.The concept of “unique” of philosophy has long been known for a long time, but recently it has been used extremely rarely and, moreover, exclusively in epistemological terms.

Currently, the need for the ontological and axiological interpretation of this term comes to the fore. This concept of V. Plotnikov has a great heuristic potential not only for the analysis of the specifics of the genre of philosophical biography, but also for understanding modern transformations of philosophical knowledge itself. Life worlds of personalities are built in biography as dramatic plots, which are maximally actualizing the reader’s personal reflection.

The principle of such abstraction from the original mass of empirical data when creating a biography is well formulated by A. Linearity comes as a result of awareness of the whole creative personality of the path. The biographer forcedly simplifies the subject of his study, brings orderliness, logic into the life path. Reconstructing personality. In the case of a philosophical biography, this principle is even more radicalized, since its super -task is to show a holistic worldview through the image of an individual, to expand 6 carpenters V.

Yekaterinburg: a bank of cultural information, a writer’s biography as a genre: academic. The essence of the biography is paradoxical: telling about the personality, it can do this only speaking of the era of this person, otherwise his life events will only be born to formalities - something has been done - he died, and on the other hand, a speaks about the era, the biography cannot reflect it differently than the forms of the individual life of his character, as well as other people with whom he was associated.

This determines the narrative principle of the biography itself. This initial paradoxical biography leads to the fact that its study is methodologically “split” into two types of approaches, which may look like directly opposite. On the one hand, as E. Rozhdestvenskaya notes, “in order to understand the biography as a social system, research strategies are needed that will allow you to detect the invisible dynamics of influencing social structures and processes” 9.

Thus, this approach “opens a different cognitive style of the study - deportation of the biography, i.e. M. This same principle refers to the descriptions of the biography“ from the side ”and even more so, to their philosophical reflection, which are not initially based on monologic self -remembering, but on an array of heterogeneous sources. It is characteristic that the principle of intertextuality was already clearly under the basis of the very first Diogenes of Laertes in the history of philosophical biographies.