Kavura Biography

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Dobrolyubov, this work has passed into a public property in Russia in accordance with Art. If the work is a translation, or other derivative work, or created in co -authorship, then the validity of exclusive copyright expired for all authors of the original and translation. Collected works in nine volumes. The seventh. The articles and reviews of the doctor, you see, first thought that Kavur's disease was an ordinary surge of blood, which was often repeated with him; But then they found that he had an interspersent fever, and after bloodletting they began to stuff him with Hina; Soon, however, they noticed that it was typhoid, and began to give something else again ...

And when there was no longer any means to save a person, they decided that it was his gout to his upper chest and on the brain. Turinians are very angry with doctors; The French do not yet know the details, but, without any doubt, they will be angry even more, they will probably be angry no less than the villains of Druzov in Syria. The death of Kavur, in the words of one of the state husbands of England, is a disaster for the entire civilized world, therefore, even more so for the Italians and even more so for the French: it is known that the French are now used to looking at Italy not only as their property, but even more-as an estate that was in their guardianship.

And suddenly they lose a trusted person who kept all their scores and made a large share of responsibility on their shoulders! .. And shame and grief, and there’s nothing to do-you will go, because there is no force, and you can’t do anything against it ... But still it’s not good ... And now the French, as soon as they heard about the death of Kavur, began to convince and conquer the Italians so that they were trying to behave well, as it was, as it was, as it was, as it was, as it was, as it was, as it was, as it was with a quaugh.

So it was completely as if he had not died. The magazines of the so -called liberal shade distinguished themselves with special zeal, which serve as an expression of advanced opinions of the French. They strongly did not give in to the official magazines and even partially surpassed them into well -intentioned. True, Pays 2 very decisively announced that the Italians should remain Cavourian without a cavalry, otherwise they may lose their freedom; A “Constitutionnel”, explaining the same in other words, added the hope that, “however, the people freed by Francia will be able not to fall into slavery again.” This, as you can see, is very strong and good.

But “Presse” also reasoned in its kind, 3 assuring that not only everything achieved by Italy was a Cavur business, but that in the future again we should rely on him or his policy, and as a result, recommending to the Italians to do anything else than the preparation of the statue of a cavur, which should be set in the hall of the Italian parliament that day when he was when he was when he was when he Glue in the Capitol!

.. In a word, the French sing in chorus: “Be, dear children, smart and obedient, do not try to step aside, using a lack of supervision; Believe me, the tutor died, but the rods remained ... Do not force us to resort to rods ... It would be very painful for our guardian heart. " And for a better confirmation of mandatory admission, after magazine articles, a telegraphic display flies from Paris to Turin, foreshadowing "displeasure, if Ratazzi was appointed head of the new ministry." Ratazzi, you see, albeit a perfect political insignificance, but is considered an honest person and was against the concession of Nice and Savoy ...

Three months ago, I described in the “Contemporary” my own impression of Kavur. In all likelihood, I judged him even too strictly, because it was the first state -owned person whom I had to see nearby, in the field of his social activity, reasoning about affairs, partly familiar to me. Now I read in all kinds of necrologues, both Italian and foreign - that it was, if not the best, then, of course, one of the few of the best state husbands of the whole world, real, past and future.

I personally admit, this does not give a particularly flattering concept about all other heroes in the same field: “If this one was almost better than anyone,” I think, “the rest should be good! .. This Italian had to come to court in Naples about one article insulting to Kavur’s personality; Just on the eve of the day appointed for the court, the news of the death of the minister came; The journalist immediately announced that he was better ready to undergo any punishment without trial than he would allow himself to imagine in his defense the reasons against a person, "whose body has not cooled yet." His announcement was recognized as reasonable, and - what was done?

They did what should: we decided to wait until the body cools down, and put off the court session until next week. I act even more selfless: I do not postpone only, but completely leave my hostile thoughts about the famous deceased and instead of the trial I want to portray his biography now. Maybe this will warn me "S. I write in three biographies and several brochures about the ministry of Kavur, which cannot be called otherwise, as the most unscrupulous pannehyrs.

This man is a kavur. There are only two names in Sardinia - Victor Emmanuel and Cavur. When the Piedmonts pronounce these names, their heart beats stronger and tears of reverence and joy approach the eyes. They do not say: Count Kavur, but simply: count. He is all for them. Everything that has made a noble, wise, glorious, free country out of Piedmont - everything came from Kavur, and for that, gratitude to this minister is infinite - a great and simple, simple, as a business person, great, as a benefactor.

” Thus begins the Biography of Kavur one French biographer who wrote in the year. Nevertheless, the fact that Count Kavur is Piedmont’s personality and that his most hot fans, up to the Italian war, did not preclude the idea of ​​making him a general -object hero, despite his exploits at the Parisian Congress. And we admit that from this point of view it is much more convenient to survey the life of the Turin minister, which is why we will try to stay on it as much as possible.

The French biographer claims that the ancestors of Kavur entered people very recently, almost under Karl Albert; But the Frenchman in this case is a sorry for his frivolity. According to thorough research, the genealogy Tree Kavurov is lost in the dusk of times. At least it is known that in the half of the 13th century, one of his ancestors owned estates in the Little Republic of Kieri, which then existed in Piedmont, and that Pope Innocent IV gave him a letter, excluding him from the general church curse, which then suffered the poor republic.

As you can see, history finds the Kavurov clan in very noble locations. According to his mother, Kavur came from the family of Savoy and knew how to appreciate it. Once in the ward, when some deputy began to speak badly about the Savoyets, Kavur interrupted him with exclamation: “My heart is indignant when the Savoy is offended, because in my veins a little Savoy blood flows ...” We notice this then, in order to put the reader, what should be the self-confirmation of Kavur, who decided for the benefit of the Fatherland to give in to the Savoy emperor of the French.

Pointed to Garibaldi, saddened by the concession of his hometown - Nice; Cavur, in turn, could point out himself. True, however, that the concepts of these people about the controversial issue were somewhat different: Garibaldi felt like an Italian and his city belonging to Italy; Kavur found that both Nice and Savoy, in particular, have nothing to do with Italy at all, and naturally belong to France.

However, while Kavur was born on August 10, in Turin, the whole Piedmont was a French province; Only five years later he received his independence back. According to the usual order of things, one could expect that family traditions and, therefore, in raising the boy there will be some hostile traces against the country's foreign occupation and against his perpetrators.

But in reality, as we see, nothing like that happened. But, according to the Italian biographer Kavur, Professor Bonga, he inherited from a kind of: “Count Camillo received from his ancestors that feeling that belongs to ancient and noble breeds, unless they geege; This is an internal, instinctive sense of domestic history, which they themselves constitute, a feeling in which the memories of the future with the hopes of the future merge for them and the basis opens up on which the state husband, called not only to preserve, but also to renew, builds his building and affirms his policy.

This feeling serves as the reason that people belonging to the surnames already famous in national history are more capable of continuing it than those who come out of the genus who must mark their name for the first time. ” Note that this is written at the beginning of the year, therefore, it is hardly necessary to take the written words even for peaks against Garibaldi.

At that time, Kavur's supporters were still very little bustling about not giving Garibaldi’s descent, and therefore the high thoughts of Professor Bongs could be expressed without any back thought, simply as the sincere conviction of the author, probably also coming from an ancient and noble surname. The upbringing of Count Camillo is almost unknown to us; It should only be assumed that French influence prevailed in it.

The Frenchman biographer, praising the tireless activity of Kavur, says prenatically: “The count was terribly working all his life - he learned the French language and French ideas, remained a silent spectator of the disasters of Italy, taking an oath to himself ...”, etc. With the French aristocracy, the clan Kavurov seemed in the best relations: the godfather of Count Camillo, the princess, the princess Polina Borgeze; 8 His original upbringing was entrusted to the French Abbot Freze, a remarkable composition of the French history of the Savoy House.

Under the guidance of the venerable Abbot, Count Camillo remained until the fourteenth year, and then was given to the Father to the Turin Military Academy. What he did at the Academy is unknown to us again.They only say that he studied diligently, especially managed in mathematics and was unloved by his comrades - for an excessive inclination to sarcasm, connected with natural pride, a decent clan.

The latter circumstance may be more important than at first glance to explain the subsequent activity of Kavur; In addition, it is important due to the news that we have about his parents. We will subsequently see that he was divorced with them; But the most important thing - the first impressions of life were, as it turns out, in accordance with family principles.

And the Kavur family did not enjoy an excellent reputation in Turin: the father of Count Camillo occupied some important administrative-police place in the city and knew how to send his duties to general displeasure; In addition, he was engaged in various trade speculations, very beneficial for him, but positively ruined for the mass of consumers. All this was not a mystery; But the old man Kavur, full of consciousness of his noble dignity and pleased with the young ladies, was the most contemptuous way to social opinion.

Proud of the trust of Carl Albert, at that time Prince Karignyansky, he was an enemy of all benefits, reforms, changes, did not want to hear about the rights of the people, and if he appreciated someone, then only a company of important persons, the same aristocrats and obscurantists, like him, gathered in his salon. Under such influences, seasoned by the moral of Abbot Freze, Ros Little Camillo grew up, and it is not sacred that the comrades did not love him at school, especially when we recall that he entered there for about a year.

It himself, of course, is that if he was a stuffed fool, he would be “distinguished” by the authorities: this was required by his origin and the position of his father. But at the same time, Camillo was a very capable and diligent boy. You can’t think that he has learned a lot and very well at seven years old, which he stayed in the Turin military school; But at least what they taught there, he knew well.

They even notice that, sitting constantly after classes, he did not have enough court dexterity and “manners”; as a reward for a good teaching and behavior, as well as for his father’s service, he was appointed by Page to Karl Albert; But as a page, Camillo turned out to be worthless and was soon deprived of this honor. Here, all biographers give his saying, which he said in response to some ridicule and regret.

In the year, Count Camillo finished his course and left school with the rank of engineering lieutenant. The father certainly wanted him to make a military career, and the young Kavur remained in military service, although he did not feel the slightest location for it. But he did not have to serve for long - the hopes of the well -intentioned father were not justified; The son suddenly turned out to be a freethinker, a liberal and almost an opponent of power.

This phenomenon for us does not seem surprising at all when we know what the liberalism of Kavur was and always remained; But for his parents there was already too much. There was a lot for the then government of Piedmont: the young Kavur was already noticed very vigilant. In the year he was in Genoa for the supervision of the installation of new fortifications, and then he began to say so liberally that it was impossible to endure more in prominent places.

They ordered him to transfer him to the garrison of the small fort of the bard ... Cavur, of course, became more mentioned and said that he did not want to serve anymore. Apparently, disgrace to him was not yet very formidable, because he received a resignation without special difficulties. And he found himself at large, 22 years, a brilliant officer, the son of rich and noble parents. What should he do, what to kill his time?

Of course, all kinds of entertainment were under his hand, and he never neglected them, according to the remark of his biographer. But, as a man is not stupid and ambitious, he could not calm down on them. Moreover, some ideas, once sunk into his head, could not have been thrown out of it ... And now he indulged in the way of life that is so ordinary and so familiar to many “advanced” people of recent times in different countries of Europe ...

This is the life of contemplative, platonic liberalism, tiny, moderate and not otherwise translating from words, as if it is inaction it becomes inaction and even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even, even. dangerous. There are a lot of such people everywhere, maybe even our readers will recall several acquaintances in a similar kind.

Then they will not. Conscience of everything that Kavur’s life represents to us, we find that from the very beginning of his independent life he went precisely this way, until he became the manager of the whole kingdom-and after and after it has not changed very much. Twelve years of his life, from the resignation to return from England, are almost unknown to us and not marked by anything special.

But, taking advantage of the lack of outwardly entertaining events, we will make several comments about the meaning of this period for internal development and establishing the nature and image of the thoughts of Count Cavour. In the twenties and thirties, Piedmont was almost the very obscene and despotic part of Italy.The bad sides of the government could not but be striking youth, who received at least the initials of any education.

I could not help but see these bad sides and Kavur, despite the influence of the parental circle. Thus, discontent, the desire for reforms, a murmur against some government orders - involuntarily manifested in it; This was completely in the order of things, and otherwise it could not be. The displeasure at that time was common in Italy, fermentation in young people is extremely strong, and the July revolution, which had just committed in France, 11 even more flared up and encouraged the worried minds.

The young Kavur, in addition, had a personal reason for displeasure - a failure of an official career. All reviews about him agree that he was always very proud and could not obey other people's orders. Therefore, he could decisively serve as then in Piedmont, to serve in Pimetona, waiting for the gracious attention of the authorities. Meanwhile, some role had to play him, at least in his circle.

This role was then indicated directly by some advanced people: to work for the unity and freedom of Italy. Starting this work, many boys, the peers of Kavur, have already raped in prisons, and were expelled, and they made societies and prepared the great work of Italy, which is now happening before our eyes.

Not that he did not recognize the holiness of the goal of this propaganda - but he did not find enough strength and courage in himself to believe the achievement of this goal. People like him laughed at the “unity of free Italy” at that time and limited their program to the desire of any reforms in existing governments.