Biography of Kozopolyansky
The project “We know! We talk about one of the largest botanists in the world Boris Kozo-Polyansky, who lived and worked in Voronezh Botanical Garden of the Vorone State University not only in Chernozemye, but also far beyond its borders. He bears the name of his founder-Professor Boris Mikhailovich Kozo-Polyansky, a world-famous scientist who headed the Botsada since his founding in the late X and all his life was its director.
In the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden of the Vorone State University, bananas in the Voronezh scientist were being seduced among the winter, very progressive for the beginning of the twentieth century development in the field of biology. And we can safely say that the Kozo-Polyansky, like the Voronezh mathematician Sergey Chaplygin, was much ahead of time. Why was the Kozo-Polyansky called a help professor?
In January, in the distant city of Askhabad of the Trans-Caspian region of the Russian Empire, the son of Officer Mikhail Kozo-Polyansky was born the son of Boris. His father was from the Voronezh province, a nobleman, graduated from the Voronezh Mikhailovsky Cadet Corps and was now in Askhabad of the capital of Turkmenistan Ashgabat. Boris graduated from the Platovsk Military Gymnasium in Novocherkassk with a gold medal and entered the Moscow Imperial University to the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, after which he was invited to an agricultural institute in the year, worked with Professor Boris Keller.
The grand opening of the Voronezh Agricultural Institute took place in September. Before GO it was the only Higher Educational institution of Voronezh and was on the far outskirts, in fact, in the field two years later a young scientist was called up to the front of the militia warrant - there was the First World War. Having served, Boris Kozo-Polyansky returned to Voronezh in the year, at the age of 28 he became a professor at the Voronezh SHI, where he worked before a year.
At the same time, Boris Mikhailovich worked since the year at Voronezh State University, created in the year. Opening in the year on the basis of the Yuryevsky University, Voronezh State University was located in the building of the former Mikhailovsky Cadet Corps, the modern street of Feoktistov “My work in the Voronei began in the spring of the city The Publishing House of the Voronech State University, G.
had to travel in all weather, carrying with him a picture of a book, model, tables, etc. Systematics of plants then had a dark, raw, raw, raw, with gloomy brown wallpaper from the textbooks there was one copy of boiling systematics from the library of the former cadet corps. There are several ancient microscopes and primitive tables for high school from the corps.
The staff of the department was this: professor, assistant subsequently professor at the Pedagogical Institute Lashchevskaya future wife Boris Mikhailovich. Boris Mikhailovich was a versatile person, loved and appreciated the music, literature, painting Boris Kozo-Polyansky all his life worked at the Voronezh State University-he was the head of the department of morphology, systematics and geography of the highest plants previously called the Department of Botanika, and its professor Mikhail Color founded; Head.
In the year, the Voronezh scientist was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in M he was assigned the degree of Doctor of Biological Sciences without the defense of the dissertation-according to the aggregate of the scientific works of Botanik. Contemporaries recalled Boris Mikhailovich as a man of a wide horizons - he knew and loved painting, literature, music.
In the article by N. Kamyshev, “Losses of Science” in the “Botanical Journal”, the publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, published in memory of Boris Kozo-Polyansky in the year, says that he had a vivid oratory gift, his lectures were held in crowded audiences. In years, not only biologists, but also students of other faculties, teachers of universities and schools, doctors were located on windowsills, steps, took places in the aisles, just to listen to the Kozo-Polyansky.
And Boris Mikhailovich read public lectures that are no less successful than university. Scientific foresight, ahead of time by the scientific research of Kozo-Polyansky were versatile. Boris Mikhailovich was engaged not only in the study of the flora and systematics of higher plants, but also by issues in the field of evolutionary theory, introduction of plants, this is a scientific experiment to relocate plants to their habitats, mycology science and phytopathology science of plant diseases.
In the years, the Voronezh scientist was engaged in the study of the phylogenetic system of the plant world by the study of evolutionary relationships among different types of life on Earth - both existing and extinct. Kozo-Polyansky is rightfully called the founder of the Soviet school of phylogenetic people. He combined his original ideas in innovative work “Introduction to the phylogenic systematics of higher plants” in Voronezh, year.
True, in the years of its development in the field of phylogenetics, not all scientists supported. Leontyev even released a satirical pamphlet play called “Philogates in Voronezh” in Petrograd now this small book is a bibliographic rarity and is stored in the archives of the Academy of Sciences.Komarov also expressed his critical remarks - openly - for example, in the polemic review “The subjective method in the botany”.
As a result, Boris Mikhailovich began to avoid publications in Leningrad publications. But after a while it turned out that the point of view of Kozo-Polyansky was true. Subsequently, the concept of the Voronezh scientist about the origin of the highest plants found support from authoritative botanists, however, recognition came after the death of Boris Kozo-Polyansky.
And here is a similar example: Boris Mikhailovich paid great attention to the theory of symbiogenesis briefly - the theory of the origin and interaction of cells. He devoted several works to this topic, including the “symbiogenesis in the evolution of the plant world”, the “new principle of biology”, however, they forgot about symbiogenesis for a long time, this book was not reprinted.
At the end of this topic, the American biologist Lynn Margulis was carried away by this topic. She personally was engaged in the popularization of the achievements of the Voronezh scientist Boris Kozo-Polyansky. In the year, Lynn Margulis made a report “Sybiogenesis, the new principle of evolution in St. Petersburg: the restoration of priority B. It was on her initiative in the year that the Kozo-Polyansky book“ New Principles of Biology ”, written by our countryman 86 years ago, was first translated into English!
A scientist from the United States Lynn Margulis highly appreciated the works of the Voronezh Botanik and two years ago Boris Kozo-Polyansky’s memory and Lynn Margulis did not become a special release of the Biosystems International Scientific Journal “Sybiogenesis and progressive evolution”, which discusses the outstanding contribution of a scientist Boris Kozo-Polyansky In the development of the concept of symbiogenesis.
Another very interesting point: the name of the Botanik of the Kozo-Polyansky is mentioned in the scientific and fantastic story “Flying Nomads”. The authors of the story became 9 famous fantasy writers, among whom were the Strugatsky brothers. It was first published in the children's magazine "Koster" in the year. Here is a fragment of an epilogue of a story written by Gennady Mountain: “Scientific and popular articles and interviews with scientists dedicated to the problem of symbiogenesis appeared in newspapers and magazines.
Since the creation of the theory of relativity, not a single theory and hypothesis has attracted such attention as this. Scientists around the world remembered the half-forgotten Soviet biologist of the Kozo-Polyansky, talented botanist, who created the theory of symbiogenesis in the early twenties. It caused at one time the lively disputes of biologists, and then went down in the history of biological ideas, almost giving any influence on the further development of biological science.
Thus, as we see, the development of the Voronezh botanist Boris Kozo-Polyansky became an example of scientific foresight, much ahead of time. The Voronezh botanist died at the desktop is also widely known for opening the center of relict plants, which is called the “Coso-Polyansky Center” on the Central Russian Upland. Relict plants are “living fossils” of very ancient eras, which are preserved in any small area.
The famous Museum-Reserve "Divnogorye" is the eastern outskirts of the "Center of the Kozo-Polyansky". Some relict plants survived the ice age. The scientist himself devoted to these ancient plants a book entitled “In the Living Long Light”, which saw the light in Moscow in the year. Reliktovs include, for example, Borovaya’s wolfers - a dwarf shrub that blooms on the slopes with beautiful pink colors.
Another ancient resident is a broom that bears the name of the Kozo-Polyansky. The name of the Voronezh scientist is also worn by other species of plants: Volodushka Kozo-Polyansky, Ferul of Kozo-Polyansky, rose hips of Kozo-Polyansky, Viola Kozo-Polyansky, a whole genus of the plants of the umbrella-the genus of the Kozopolyanskiy. The Kozo-Polyansky broker grows in the Divnogorye Museum-Reserve Boris Kozo-Polyansky-the author of more than scientific works.
Since the year, he is a member of the French Linneevsky Society, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, an honorary member of the All-Union Society of Botaniki, thanks to him, has appeared in our city and still successfully operates the Botanical Garden of the Vorone State University. Professor Kozo-Polyansky was awarded the Order of Lenin, two orders of the Red Banner of Labor and the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of the GG.
He was 67 years old. And a day later, he died suddenly right at the desktop, preparing a report for the anniversary of the death of Charles Darwin. The memorial plaque in memory of the outstanding scientist was opened in the main building of the Vorone State University near the Department of Botanika and Mycology in February “B. The Kozo-Polyansky, like a bright star, shone in the blue sky of science, attracting the eyes of everyone who was disinterested and unreasonably striving for it.
The scientific heritage left by him is truly invaluable. Along the way laid by Boris Mikhailovich in science, generations will pass, paying tribute to respect and honor to his sparkling talent and noble work, ”said the Voronezh biologist, professor of the Vorone State University Joseph Rutsky. In honor of the professor, a street is named in our city in the Central District.Together with Boris Mikhailovich stood at the origins of the appearance of the Voronezh scientific school of Botanika.
An interesting fact: her mother Wilhelmin Pula was a niece of the famous Voronezh entrepreneur Wilhelm Stollar. Vladislav Ivanovna lived a long life, died in May at the age of 89. Buried in the southwestern cemetery in Voronezh. Botanical garden: blooms and smells! The main tasks of the garden are the preservation and enrichment of the flora of our region and the research work on introduction and propagation of rare and disappearing plant species.
Voronezh scientists find out what will happen if the southern plants are resettled to the middle strip. And as soon as Voronezh was released, continued. In the postwar years, the first greenhouse appeared in the Botsatad, which is now called underground. It is located in the ground. Above the ground, the glass roof of the greenhouse only rises. Already in the post -war years, citrus fruits were grown in this greenhouse.
And in order to save fuel, then it was only possible to heat the greenhouse to heat the corner - so that it would warm it and the soil. Over time, other greenhouses appeared in the Bottsada. Now a gas boiler room is working in the garden, which allows you to create a constant summer temperature in greenhouses. In the main greenhouse, this is about 24 degrees. Humidity here is supported by constant irrigation.
In addition to greenhouses with tropical plants, unique landscapes, the most valuable collections of various plants, denders are presented, interesting expositions of steppes, forests, “reduced Alps” are created, there are several scientific departments and laboratories. For many years, a unique gene pool of domestic and world flora has accumulated and preserved here for many years.
Photo: VISU sites VSU.