Biography of the Tatars

The Tatar people, who left a deep mark in the centuries -old history, combines the idea of ​​space and time of the world, gives the feeling that the history and culture of the Tatar people is an integral part of world history and culture. Tatars self -name - Tatars - a Turkic -speaking people, the formation and development of which took place in the vastness of Eurasia. The Tatar language belongs to the Kypchak group of the Altai family of Turkic languages.

Usually distinguish between Volga Kazan, Siberian, Astrakhan Tatars, as well as individual sub -ethnic groups; All these groups are components of a single Tatar nation. Today, the Tatars live in all regions of the planet without exception. The total number of Tatars in the post -Soviet space is about seven million. The ethnonym "Tatars" is mentioned as the name of the people who lived in the Baikalia in the VI century AD.

Together with other Turkic peoples, the ancestors of modern Tatars participated in the great resettlement of peoples, and created state formations. A significant role in these states was played by Turkic -speaking Bulgars. The State Council under the Bulgarian Khan consisted of representatives of the birth of Shirin, Argyn, Baryn, Kipchak. As a result of the Mongol campaigns in the 13th century, the Bulgarian lands were included in the Golden Horde, then the Kazan Khanate arose on the same lands.

The Astrakhan, Siberian Khanates and the Nogai Horde were formed. In the year, the squads of the Moscow prince captured Kazan, then other khanates; The Tatars were part of the Russian Empire. Tatars appeared in the Kazakh steppes in ancient times. Their noticeable increase among Kazakhs has more than four hundred years of history. The merciless oppression of the imperial authorities forced the Tatars to leave their native places and move to the environment of Kazakhs - people with a close language and a single religion.

The cause of the resettlement was also an overwhelming soldier of all the Turkic peoples of the empire, the soldier's service was only touched by the Tatars; A lot of Tatars moved to Kazakhstan for trade affairs. Entire Tatar villages and villages arose: Leps, Mamlut, Zhiltau and others. In the city of Verny, Tatar merchants and artisans launched widespread activities.

Gradually, interpenetration and mutual enrichment of cultures of the Kazakh and Tatar peoples took place. Teachers of the Tatar madrassas carried out significant educational work. For example, a teacher from Karkaralinsk Sh. Kashafutdin is the author of almost 80 poetic works in the Tatar and Kazakh languages.

Prominent figures of the Kazakh people of that period received their primary education from the Tatar mullah. The great Abay studied at the aul mullah, then in one of the Tatar madrasses of Semipalatinsk. His poems were first published in the Orenburg Tatar publications. Textbooks for Kazakh children of the famous Kazakh enlightener Ibrai Altynsarin were printed in Kazan. As Sabit Mukanov said, the Tatars "sowed seeds of education on the basis of Kazakh land, in the dark they lit a light of culture." The Tatars made a noticeable contribution to the development of Kazakhstani science and art.

Khismatullin, artists B. Tabiev and K. Kazakhstanis are famous scientists: nuclear physicist Sh. Ibrahimov, chemist S. Rafikov, ophthalmologist G. Uldanov, microbiologist A. Ilyaletdinov, cosmosobiologist R. Gareev and others. Bashkirs self -name - Bashkort - a Turkic -speaking people, the historical ancestral home of which, like other Turkic peoples, is Central Asia. The Bashkir language belongs to the Kypchak group of Turkic languages.

The ethnonym "Bashkirs" is first mentioned in written sources of the 9th century. The Bashkirs wandered in the Arals, on the lands of the Urals and the Southern Urals, created their tribal unions. The famous union of seven tribes was reflected in the state symbols of the Republic of Bashkortostan. A significant part of the Bashkir tribes was part of Bulgaria, then all the Bashkir lands became part of the Golden Horde.

Later, the Bashkir tribes and childbirth were subjects of the Kazan, Siberian, Astrakhan Khanates and the Nogai Horde. After the fall of these states, the Bashkirs were part of the Russian Empire. Bashkirs were traditional classes of Bashkir, hunting, trade. Folk crafts have long been developed: metal processing, as well as jewelry, leather, pottery. The cultural and economic relationships of the Bashkirs and Kazakhs have deep roots.

For a long time, these two peoples have been in close friendships, engaged in nomadic cattle breeding next door to each other. In the XVII century, part of the Kazakh clans moved to the Bashkir regions. And the Bashkir and Tatar rebels, after the defeat of the next uprising against the tsarist authorities, usually found a shelter in the Kazakh steppes. For example, in the Ufa Madrasah “Galia”, outstanding figures of the Kazakh people Magzhan Zhumabaev, Bimbet Mayilin, J.

Tlepbergenov and others were educated. For almost 60 years of his life, the son of the Bashkir people Abubakir Divaev gave the Turkestan region.Ethnographer, a researcher of Kazakh folklore, he participated in the opening of Tashkent State University, where he created the first department of the Kazakh language and literature. During the years of Soviet power, both the Tatars and the Bashkirs went the same path of tests and victories as the entire Soviet people.

They participated in the construction of a socialist society, fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, restored the national economy, and raised the virgin lands. A significant number of Bashkirs and Tatars moved to Kazakhstan during the creation of the industrial base of the republic and during the years of development of virgin lands. Like other ethnic groups, Tatars and Bashkirs developed their culture of dwelling, food, clothes.

The daily type of men's clothing is a long shirt with a straight neckline in the gate. Outerwear is represented by a variety of types of camisols and Chapanov Camzul, Cossack, Gilyan, Chikmen, Bishmet. The male headdress is skullcaps, felt hats, fur hats. Women wear long dresses trimmed with fringe, lace, embroidery. The headdress of the Tatars - a scarf, a shawl, a long bedspread with embroidery and lace tastar, hats and a specific female headdress - high -welfare.

Traditional men's clothing Bashkirs includes shirts and pants with a wide step, light robes, camisols and sheepskin coats, as well as hats: skullcaps, round fur hats, malahai. Bashkir women wore a long dress with frills, apron, a camisole, decorated with a gap and coins. Bashkir’s headdress is a cap with pendants, helmet -shaped hats, bright head bedspreads, scarves, caps. The shoes of the Tatars and Bashkirs consisted of boots and leather boots, Ichiga were widespread - a special soft leather boots with a soft sole.

The main place in traditional Bashkir cuisine is given to meat and dairy products. Kazy, Beshbarmak, specific dried cheese - a short role in the nutrition of the Bashkirs. Of the drinks, the most common are tea and koumiss, as well as various jelly, sweet drinks, a shirbat, a buza and a mead of cups ball. In traditional Tatar cuisine, a significant place is given to flour, cereals, potatoes, meat, fish.

Fresh, jerky, salty meat, map, home sausage sausage are used. They prepare soup with a noodles ASh, with ticks, various types of Belyash pies, Utrochmak, Kystyby, Sumsa, Katlama, etc. Tatars and Bashkirs have many common elements and is represented by songs, fairy tales, traditions and legends, proverbs and sayings.