Zakharov Pushkin Biography

It is all the more noticeable that it occupies a considerable place in memoirism, local history literature, and in recent years it has been quite widely represented in journal and newspaper articles. The basis of such a low scientific interest in the “Zakharovsky” period of Pushkin’s life is rarely expressed directly-but once still expressed-the opinion that the child’s childhood in general and his life in Zakharov in particular, in particular, did not have a significant impact on his future fate, and even more so, was not exerted on his work.

He was a man without childhood, ”writes the house in Mikhailovsky, the house of the ancestors, with whom the poet was personally connected by youthful memories and years of exile, and not the memory of childhood, writes with a capital.” Indeed, it was here, in the estate near Moscow, Marya Alekseevna Gannibal, in the children's mind of the future poet, the first and therefore most indelible impressions related to the way of the Central Russian estate, whose image accompanied Pushkin all his life and occupied a noticeable place in the poetic picture of the world created by him.

Let us recall that before the trip to Mikhailovskoye in the summer of G. and it is not surprising that when the “internal development” led Pushkin to the need to poetically portray rural life, the real basis of this image turned out to be Zakharovo: I see my village, with fences in the river wavy with the bridge and grove with a shady mirror of water are reflected.

On the hill my house; From the balcony I can go into the shady garden. I, in the future, Pushkin more than once had to - forced or of his own free will - in contact with the life of the Russian village. Fate for a long time abandoned him in the Pskov region - to Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye; He was visiting for a long time - - He is in the estates of the Tver province - in the old man, Bernov, Pavlovsky, Malinniki.

The image of the Central Russian estate in his mind was unusually enriched, grew, evidence of which - the “rural” chapters of Eugene Onegin, numerous lyrical poems that somehow affect this topic. But the first impressions are indelible, and Pushkin was especially sincere to Zakharov. In any case, after another fifteen years - in the summer of G. He arrives without any visible goal, uninvited, uninigned, for with Haritinya Ivanovna Kozlova, who was sold at that time, Alexander Sergeyevich was not even familiar.

Maybe if it weren’t for the letter of Nadezhda Osipovna, we would not know about this trip, we don’t know about Pushkin’s actions or trips that were not reflected in his letters, records, and the memoirs of contemporaries. Maybe in Zakharovo, to which the poet experienced such disinterested tenderness, he arrived more than once. Significant and more. In the topic “Pushkin and Zakharovo”, not everything is as clear as it seems at first glance - both in the sense of biographical details, and in the plan for the correlation of “Zakharov” impressions with poetic creativity.

This article is devoted to the consideration of these issues. The first source is the letter of Nadezhda Osipovna Pushkina to her daughter Olga with a message about Alexander’s trip to Zakharovo in the summer of G. It was just mentioned, and he has to return to him. The second source is the recollections of the addressee of this letter, the sisters of the poet Olga Sergeevna. Pavlychev wrote down the memories of the poet’s childhood from her.

The record is dated October 26. From it we will learn that the grandmother of Olga and Alexander - Marya Alekseevna Gannibal “Gannibalova”, as it was customary to write and pronounce this surname for the feminine, selling the Pushkin family in the city of the Pushkin’s summer months, they were of particular interest only because Stepan Petrovich was an outstanding thinker, poet, poet, poet Critician, organizer of the Moscow Herald and Moscow Observer, professor of Moscow University, close to Pushkin’s friends, but also because he lived for a long time in the immediate vicinity of Zakharov: S.

Shevyrev was married to the pupil of Prince Boris Vladimirovich Golitsyn, who belonged to the village of large milestones from Zakharov. Here, in the parish church, the surrounding people flocked on Sundays, including from Zakharov. In the village, the woman Marya, the daughter of the famous nanny Pushkin, who was given out of the local peasant still lives in the village. This Mary with a special feeling recalls Pushkin, tells about his kindness, gifts to her when she went to him in Moscow, and, by the way, about one wonderful circumstance.

This village does not have a church, and residents go to the village of Vyazny KN. Golitsyna in two miles; Pushkin’s brother, born of the year, who died in the year, is laid here. Pushkin went here to the lunch. The village of Vyazemi, which Pushkin in childhood, without a doubt, often visited Godunov; there are hitherto ponds attributed to him; The old church is also with the memories of Godunov; Therefore, in childhood, Pushkin could hear about Godunov.

" Shevyreva was recorded on December 23 - January 3, Berg on behalf of P. Annenkov, also in connection with the work of the biography of Pushkin. All that S. Shevyrev told, like the memoirs of O. Pavlischeva, P. Annenkov introduced to his famous work “Materials for Biography A.Nikolai Vasilievich Berg - then a young man who helped Annenkov in the collection of materials for Pushkin’s biography, became interested in Shevyrev’s story and went to the village of Zakharovo himself, where he managed to meet and talk with Arina Rodionovna, Maria Fedorovna.

This is the fourth source. We give with insignificant reductions part of Marya’s story recorded by Berg, which we need for further comparisons. But his daughter nanny, his famous nanny, whom he loved and even glorified in verses, especially remembers. Her name is Marya, in the middle of Fedorovna. But then, little by little, she perked up, and herself, almost without any motivation, told everything that she only knew and remembers.

So it was Alexander Sergeyevich who lived for twelve, I must be, I left, says, Marya, the bride was spinning, I want to marry it with hairs here showing my cheeks; I sat in this hut, here in what year, do not remember? Two more for another hour - goodbye, he says, Marya! Then they stood with the Smolensk Mother of God, a stone two-story house brought me to show her work, silk, it is necessary to be, finely, fourthly, a four-block, that's how it is a window: good, they say, father, well for sure, father, ”she added a little:“ They loved me: my soul, I say, will visit you again!

According to the letter, Pushkin arrived in Zakharovo in the first half of the summer of G. as if he called Marya, "He came to me himself, before he decided to marry." But as soon as she moves to the details, it turns out that Pushkin was not in her, or in m, or in the city, maybe a misunderstanding? Let's try to look more readily at the sources. The letter is marked on July 22 G.

The letter is reported about family events that leave no doubt that everything is in order with the date: “Alexander is finally with us - from the very day that I wrote to you my first letter; He arrived a few hours later, as it was sent to you. ” It was dated July 19, indeed, on Saturday July 19, Pushkin returned to St. Petersburg after more than four months of absence to Moscow.

This date is easily traced according to Pushkin’s letters, repeatedly published, and does not need a recheck. Consequently, in the city of Pushkin he was in Zakharov, and was, of course, before she wrote about it - - Nadezhda Osipovna in her letter dated July 22 of the same year. So it turns out that she noted “something”, and most importantly in the life of a peasant woman: the season of field work, the years of the child, if her mother confuses, her own daughter was one-year-old or six-year-old, if the peasant confusing the ripening of bread at times, when “bread has already been cleaned” and in the suburbs by July 15, in the old way, rye is only poured, what could be trusted for the rest, what is said?

Meanwhile, everything that is in the story of Mary is an objective test corresponds to the truth.

She remembers her former landowners - grandfather and grandmother Hannibalov, remembers both their relatives and children. He remembers the names, does not confuse who is older, who is younger. He remembers when the Little Alexander was the last time in Zakharov: “ - when did he leave here? In the fall, G. she remembers the whole story of Hannibalov’s crossings, and, accordingly, her own parents, from Suida to Kobrino, from Kobrin to Zakharovo.

Marya and a later period are perfectly represented: the appearance of Pushkin of the Bacenbard, his marriage, the place where Pushkin lived in Moscow, the characteristic details of his behavior. All this makes you treat the rest of Marya’s story with certain trust. After all, S. believed her and, in essence, much of what he told N. Berg was gleaned from the same Marya.

Marya and Berg believed: he believed so much that he considered it necessary to publish her story in Moskvityanin. Finally, the sober and picky P. Annenkov, who had at his disposal both the same text of the actual from four: he did not know the letters of Nadezhda Osipovna, thoroughly repeated in his “Materials for the biography of Pushkin” everything that Mary said. Well, if we believe and we, how then to be with a worfront between the letter of Nadezhda Osipovna and the story of Marya?

As well as with a mess inside this story? Grow a hand at him? To keep silent, pretending that no contradiction exists, as this, in essence, has been done so far? Or try to check the not so incredible version that Pushkin visited Zakharov more than once: in June - early July, we will try to check in the city of Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Simbirsk, Orenburg, will make a long stop in Boldin and only at the very end of November will return home.

It was a strange trip. It would seem that in anticipation of such a long and tiring trip, Pushkin was supposed to strive to quickly pass the part of the path from St. Petersburg to Moscow. But Pushkin was not in surprise. Already on the second day, August 18, he, along with his companion S. Sobolevsky, left the stroller on the occasion of good weather and walked 15 miles of the path.