Biography about Bunin

His childhood and youth passed in the impoverished estate of the Oryol province. The future writer did not receive a systematic education, what he regretted all his life. True, the elder brother Julius, who brilliantly graduated from the university, passed with Vanya the entire gymnasium course. They were engaged in languages, psychology, philosophy, social and natural sciences.

It was Julius who had a great influence on the formation of the tastes and views of Bunin. Bunin began to write early. He wrote essays, sketches, poems. In May, the magazine "Rodina" printed the poem "The poor" of sixteen -year -old Vanya Bunin. From that time on, his more or less constant literary activity began, in which there was a place for both poetry and prose. Outwardly, Bunin’s poems looked traditional both in form and in the subject: nature, the joy of life, love, loneliness, the sadness of loss and the new revival.

And yet, despite the imitation, there was some special intonation in the Bunin verses. This has become more noticeable with the release of the poetry collection "Listopad", enthusiastically accepted by readers and critics. Bunin wrote poetry until the end of his life, loving poetry with all his soul, admiring its musical system and harmony. But already at the beginning of the creative path, a prose writer was more and more clearly manifested in it, and so strong and deep that Bunin’s first stories immediately earned the recognition of the writers of Chekhov, Gorky, Andreev, Kuprin at that time.

In the year, Bunin married Anna Tsacni, having experienced a strong love and the followed by a strong disappointment to Varvara Pashchenko. However, by his own admission of Ivan Alekseevich, he never loved Tsacni. In years, Bunin travels a lot, traveling abroad. He visits Leo Tolstoy, meets Chekhov, actively cooperates with the Gorky publishing house "Knowledge", meets the niece of the chairman of the first Duma A.

Muromtsev Vera Muromtseva. And although Vera Nikolaevna actually became Mrs. Bunina already in the year, they could officially register their marriage only in July in France. Only by this time, Bunin managed to get a divorce from Anna Tsacni. Vera Nikolaevna was betrayed by Ivan Alekseevich until the end of his life, becoming a faithful assistant in all matters.

Possessing a great spiritual force, helping to endure all the hardships and hardships of emigration, Vera Nikolaevna also had a great gift of patience and forgiveness, which was important when communicating with such a difficult and unpredictable person as Bunin was. After the noisy success of his stories in the press appears, which became immediately famous, the story "Village" is the first big thing of Bunin.

This is a bitter and very bold work, in which the reader appeared in a semi -deceased Russian reality with all its contrasts, shattage, and the brokenness of fate. Bunin, perhaps, one of the few Russian writers of that time, was not afraid to tell the unpleasant truth about the Russian village and the clogging of the Russian man. But hence the submies to them, pity, the desire to understand what is happening in the suffering Russian soul.

In parallel with the village theme, the writer developed in his stories the lyrical, which was previously outlined in verses. Female characters appeared, although barely planned - a charming, air Olya Meshcherskaya story "Light breath", an ingenuous Klash Smirnov's story "Klash". Later, female types with all the lyrical passion will take the emigrant novels and Bunin’s stories - “Ida”, “Mitin Love”, “Coronnet's case Elagin” and, of course, in his famous “Dark Alleys” cycle.

In pre -revolutionary Russia, Bunin, as they say, “rested on the laurels” - he was awarded the Pushkin Prize three times; In the year, he was elected academician in the category of elegant literature, becoming the youngest academician of the Russian Academy.

In the year, Bunin and Vera Nikolaevna, who did not accept either the revolution or the Bolshevik power, emigrated from Russia, "having drunk the unspeaked cup of mental suffering," as Bunin later wrote in his biography. Ivan Alekseevich returned to literary work slowly. Longing for Russia, uncertainty in the future oppressed him. Therefore, the first collection of stories "Scream", which went abroad, was only stories written in the happiest time for Bunin - in years.

Nevertheless, the writer gradually overcame the feeling of oppression. In the story "Rosa Jericho" there are such penetrating words: "There is no separation and losses, my soul, my love, my love, memory! In the live water of my heart, in the pure moisture of love, sadness and tenderness, I plunge the roots and stems of my past here, I was destined to live most of my life, to survive the second world war.

In the year, Bunin got acquainted with the Russian poetess Galina Kuznetsova, who was a vacation with her husband.And here the incredible occurred - Ivan Alekseevich managed to convince Vera Nikolaevna that his relationship with Galina is purely platonic, and they have nothing but the relationship of the teacher and the scientist. Vera Nikolaevna, as it seems incredible, believed.

She believed because she could not imagine without Yana of her life. As a result, Galina was invited to settle with the Bunins and become a "family member". For almost fifteen years she shared Kuznetsova as a common shelter with Bunin, playing the role of her daughter’s adopted and experiencing all the joys, troubles and deprivation with them. This love of Ivan Alekseevich was both happy and painfully difficult.

She was also immensely dramatic. In the year, Kuznetsova left Bunin, carried away by the opera singer Margot Stepun. Ivan Alekseevich was shocked, he was oppressed not only by the betrayal of his beloved woman, but even with whom she changed! Weakness, lack oflism, this friendship between Galina and Margot for Bunin was like a bleeding wound until the end of his life. But contrary to all the hardships, endless deprivations, Bunin's prose gained a new height.

The books "Rosa Jericho", "Mitina Love", collections of stories "Solar blow" and "God's Tree" were published in a foreign land. And in the year the autobiographical novel “Arsenyev’s Life” was published - the alloy of memoirs, memoirs and lyrical -philosophical prose. Every Russian in Paris, even one who did not read a single line of Bunin, took it as a personal holiday.

Russian people experienced the sweetest of the feeling - a noble sense of national pride. The award of the Nobel Prize was a huge event for the writer himself. Recognition came, and with it, although for a very short period, the bunins were extremely impractical for material security. In the year, Bunin finished the book “The Liberation of Tolstoy”, which, according to experts, became one of the best books in all the literature about Leo Nikolaevich.

And in the year in New York, “dark alleys” come out - the pinnacle of the writer’s lyrical prose, the true encyclopedia of love. In the "Dark Alleys" you can find everything - and exalted experiences, and conflicting feelings, and frantic passions. But the closest Bunin was pure, bright, like the harmony of the earth with the sky. In "Dark Alleys" she is usually short, and sometimes instant, but her light illuminates the whole life of the hero.

Some critics of that time accused the Bunin "dark alleys" in pornography, then in senile voluptuousness. This insulted Ivan Alekseevich: “I think the“ dark alleys ”that I wrote, and they, idiots, believe that I disgraced their gray hair, Pharisees, that this is a new word, a new approach to life,” he complained I. I. What is the "excess"! I gave only a thousandth share of how the men of all tribes and peoples “examine” everywhere, always women from his ten years and up to 90 years.

”The writer devoted the last years of his life to work on the book about Chekhov. Unfortunately, this work remained incomplete. The funeral service was solemn - in the Russian Church on the street, giving in Paris with a large coincidence of the people. All newspapers - Russian and French, and spent extensive Necrologues themselves took place much later, on January 30, the ashes were in a temporary crypt.