Fedor II Godunov biography

Born in the year in Moscow - killed on June 10 in Moscow. Russian king April 13 - 1 June, son of Boris Godunov. Fedor Borisovich was born in Moscow. Father - Boris Fedorovich Godunov, the Russian king from February 17 on February 17, before that boyar, Shurin of Tsar Fedor I Ioannovich, in the years the actual ruler of the state. About 2 years before the birth of Fedor, his father Boris Godunov became the actual sovereign ruler of the state.

Fedor was very early to honors, equal to the royal, he was written in diplomas next to his father, his name was indicated in the ceremonies of the reception of ambassadors, diplomatic gifts were sent on his behalf. His elevation was connected in CB in February, his father entered the throne. Fedor became the prince and heir, took part in the solemn entry of his father to the capital on April 30.

In the year, the summer prince with his own hand let out the monks of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery about his father’s illness, who could not come to them. From the age of 9, he was involved in state duties, had his own state print, regularly met in the Boyar Duma, received ambassadors, including the grooms of the sister of Ksenia Godunova, Gustav of the Swedish and John of Danish, participated in the forensic and charity activities of his father.

The upbringing of the prince was led by the "uncle" Ivan Susodanov. Fedor Borisovich received an excellent education, preparing his father in the "enlightened sovereigns." At the same time, the opposition dismissed rumors in Russia and abroad about the soreness and dementia of the heir. Fedor Godunov in childhood Personal life of Fedor Godunov: in the year, the English Queen Elizabeth I offered Fedor's hand of a summer noble English woman, but the case was upset due to the imminent death of Elizabeth.

Further, the father was looking for a bride for his son in Orthodox Georgia - in the kingdom of Kartli. The nobleman of the near Duma Mikhailo Tatishchev, who left Moscow in May and arrived in Georgia in August of the same year, had an instruction to bring to Moscow the daughter of the Kartalinsky Tsar George X and his wife Mariam is a nee. George X gave the oath, but he left the princess until the next Russian embassy, ​​but by that time Fedor was no longer alive.

The further fate of the Princess itself is unknown. The map of Russia Fedor Godunov, Tsarevich Fedor, went down in the history of Russian cartography: he or under his leadership compiled one of the first Russian maps of Russia, prepared by foreign experts, appeared in the 16th century. It was published in Amsterdam by manuscripts in the year by the prominent cartographer of that time Hessel Herrites.

Edition of the year - bibliographic rarity; The second edition was released in the year, with amendments and additions. A sheet printed by Herrites also includes a insert with a Moscow plan; Regarding whether to attribute to the prince’s plan of the capital, the opinions of cartography historians diverge. The card of Fedor Godunov was not compiled according to geodetic data and contains distortions of distances for example, a section of the Volga flow from Nizhny Novgorod to Kazan is doubled, and the Kyiv-Putivl section was given on a and a half scale; This, apparently, was associated with various interpretations in different regions of the measurement units, such as a mile, or, in the case of the Volga, simply by the slight fame of this region at that time.

Nevertheless, the card was a great contribution to the cartography of Russia of that time. There is a version that, when compiling his card, Fedor Borisovich recalculated and complemented the early Russian drawing dated by a tentative year. Cartography historian Leo Bagrov believes that the map was completed by the prince as a learning task and could get west after the defeat of Godunov’s house in the year - apparently, it brought it to Holland Isac Mass.

Since the year, the engraver board of Herrits's map passed to Villem Blau, and later the card was repeatedly reprinted with its signature without any changes up to a year, and also included in several editions of the “Travel” of Adam Olearia. The circumstances in which Fedor Borisovich entered the Moscow throne turned out to be too unfavorable for his reign to be long and happy. The oath brought to the king also included the names of his mother Maria and the sisters of Ksenia Borisovna, as well as the oath of “not to want to the kingdom” of Simeon Bekbulatovich and the “villain calling himself Dmitry”.

Such a wording was not mentioned by the name of Grigory Otopyev gave reason to the people to believe that Godunovs abandoned the version according to which the impostor was Otrepyev, and to suspect that he is a real prince Dmitry. Princes Fedor Ivanovich Mstislavsky, Vasily and Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky entered the government, whom the new king called back from the army to Moscow.

In detective affairs, as in Boris, he was in charge of Semyon Godunov. In order to ensure the loyalty of the population, the Fedor government distributed huge gifts “for the Mind of the Soul” of Tsar Boris, and also declared an amnesty exiled under Boris. Among the returning to Moscow was the cousin Fedor Bogdan Belsky, who later played a decisive role in his arrest.But the measures taken did not give the desired results, in particular, the experienced elder of the Boyar Duma F.

Mstislavsky from the very beginning led a double game, as a result of which Semyon Godunov even ordered to secretly kill him, but this was not done due to the quick collapse of the dynasty. During the seven weeks of the reign of Fedor, one important domestic measure was undertaken: a stone order was established analogue of the Ministry of Construction, which was in charge of stone construction of the Moscow state.

All the masters of stone affairs, lime and brick factories in Moscow obeyed him. The institution controlled the budget of cities where "the White Stone was mined." According to some reports, he managed to start minting his own coin. For his coins, a combination of the reversal of the reign of the reign of the reign of Fedor Ivanovich was used, where only the name “Tsar and Grand Duke Fedor of All Rus'” and the obverse of the head of the reign of Boris Godunov were indicated.

Thus, Fedor became the only king, for the coins of which a special stamp was not made. At the same time, on a number of coins with the obverse of the time of Boris Godunov, “Fedor Ivanovich” is indicated on the reverse. Such coins with the name “Fedor” and the patronymic of “Ivanovich” were minted as a short -term interweaving Fedor Godunov and False Dmitry by political forces that did not recognize the Godunovs, but who performed on behalf of the last legal king Rurikovich - Fedor Ivanovich.

The virtually the supreme command of the governor Peter Fedorovich Basmanov arrived at the rate under the besieged Croma on April 17, together with Metropolitan Issidor in order to take the troops to the new king. Since Basmanov was not a tribal boyar, the formal main governor, according to the rules of localism, was appointed Prince Mikhail Katyrev-Rostovsky. Fedor Godunov promised the troops a generous reward after the expiration, as a foreigner recorded, “six -week mourning”, that is, Sorokovin for his father.

But at the headquarters there was a split: not the whole army took the oath, and some in the very first days passed to the impostor. The internal skirmishes in the camp began, the parties used the Clichy Clichy "Dmitry" and "Fedor", respectively. The side of the impostor was taken by the Ryazan, Tula, Kashirsky, Aleksinsky and Sevsky nobles, primarily the Ryazans of Prokopiy and Zakhary Lyapunov, later famous figures of the Time of Troubles.

Among his reasons was a lawsuit with the family of Tsar Semen Godunov because of the localism: Godunov put him in subordination to his son-in-law Prince A. Telekevsky, although the grandfather of Tiltvsky was subordinate to his father Basmanov Fedor, the famous Favorite Ivan the Terrible, and Peter Basmanov said that he preferred death to such a shame. The Golitsyns and Mikhail Saltykov according to other sources also switched to the side of the False Dmitry, Saltykov was a captive.

Vasily Golitsyn ordered to knit himself, pretending to be captured. The remnant of the troops remaining faithful Godunov was defeated by traitors in the alliance with the Cossacks of Korela Crimean, Ivan Ivanovich Godunov was captured and sent to the impostor in Putivl, and Mikhail Katyrev-Rostovsky, Andrei Telechitevsky and Semyon of suitcases, leaving the army, fled to Moscow.

Konrad Bussov in the “Moscow Chronicle” represents the situation so that only the mercenaries-German mercenaries remained faithful, whom he allegedly generously endowed his fidelity upon returning to Moscow and publicly declared “the most faithful and constant”. In a “lovely letter” directed to Moscow, after this event, False Dmitry, title himself not to the prince, but the king, called Fedor his “traitor”.

The Godunovs ordered to betray the distributors of the message of the impostor torture and execution. According to Dutchman Isaac Massa, the Godunov family after the defeat at Kromama shut up in the Kremlin, fearing Muscovites more, "rather than the enemy or supporters of Dmitry." With the support of the Krasnoselites, whose uprising spread to Moscow, they arrived in the capital and announced the Empire’s message from the frontal place on June 1.

On the same day, Muscovites, with the connivance of the boyar government, arrested Fedor II, his mother and sister Ksenia in the Kremlin, and they were kept not in the tsar’s chambers, but "in Boris's own court." The new king was proclaimed False Dmitry under the name of Dmitry Ivanovich. Together with the royal family, other Godunovs were arrested, as well as their relatives of Saburov and Velyaminov.

Moscow at that time, taking advantage of the situation, was actually controlled on behalf of Dmitry Ivanovich Bogdan Belsky, the cousin of Maria Godunova. Belsky popularly vowed to Muscovites that it was he who saved Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich. The impostor could not trust him, as a relative of Godunov, and soon replaced him with Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn, sent from Tula. Shortly before the entry of False Dmitry, the deposited king and his mother were strangled in his Kremlin house.

According to the “Moscow Chronicle” Konrad Bussov, who was in Serpukhov, the impostor set the liquidation of Godunovs in which he agreed to arrive in the capital. Moreover, this order was not secret, but transferred to Muscovites in an open message.After the arrest of Patriarch Job, Vasily Golitsyn appeared with the archers of Godunovs and ordered Fedor to kill.

At the same time, he was Prince Mosalsky, the clerks of Molchanov and Sherefedinov. According to the Swede of the pen of Erlesund Peter Peter, the Swede, who formed at that time in Moscow, the direct executor of the murder was the clever Ivan Bogdanov, allegedly secretly sent to Moscow for this. A strong and strong young man, Fedor resisted the killers who, the four of them barely coped with him.

It was officially announced that Fedor and his mother had been poisoned, but their bodies, put up for public display, had traces of struggle and violent death. As Petray testifies: “And I saw traces of the rope with which they were strangled, I saw with my own eyes along with many thousands of people.” The Makovsky body of Fedor and Maria Godunov, along with the body of Boris Godunov, who died from the Arkhangelsk Cathedral from the tomb in the Arkhangelsk Cathedral, were buried on the orders of False Dmitry without any honors in the secondary Moscow female Barsonofevsky monastery.

In the year, by order of Tsar Vasily Shuisky, the remains of the Godunov family were solemnly transferred to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, the coffin Fedor Borisovich carried 20 boyars, where they rest in a special tomb of erected in the year now.

In the year, the Tomb of Godunov was revealed by the anthropologist M. Gerasimov, but the burial turned out to be previously disturbed robbers - the bones and contents of the coffins were mixed, the skulls were not preserved and the faces of the Godunas dynasty by anthropological reconstruction were impossible to restore. Contemporaries - both Russian and foreign - regarded Fedor, his mother and sister as the innocent victims of criminal power of Boris Godunov, who was given by God for the murder of Tsarevich Dmitry.

Although later the version of the murder of Tsarevich Dmitry was refuted on the orders of Boris Godunov. Pushkin "Boris Godunov", which is depicted for the creation of a geographical map. The final of the play depicts the murder of Fedor and his mother - it is in response to the news that they “poisoned themselves with poison”, the famous remark dates back to Karamzin, completing the play - “The people are silent”.

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