Modest Mussor composer biography

The country of Russia is a life wherever it affects; True, no matter how Solona, ​​bold, sincere speech to people from the letter of M. Mussorgsky V. Stasov dated August 7, what a vast, rich world, if a man is taken! Mussorgsky A. Golenishchev-Kutuzov dated August 17, Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky-one of the most bold innovers of the 19th century, a brilliant composer who far ahead of his time and had a huge impact on the development of Russian and European musical art.

He lived in the era of the highest spiritual upsurge, deep social shifts; It was a time when Russian public life actively contributed to the awakening of national self -awareness from artists, when works appeared one after another, from which it blew freshness, novelty and, most importantly, amazing real truth and poetry of real Russian life I. among his contemporaries, Mussorgsky was the most faithful democratic ideals, uncompromising in the service of the truth of life, no matter how much was solo, and so solo They are obsessed with bold intentions that even only-minded friends were often puzzled by the radicality of his artistic searches and did not always approve of them.

Chuporgsky spent the childhood in the landowner estate in the atmosphere of patriarchal peasant life and subsequently wrote in an autobiographical note that it was familiarization with the spirit of Russian folk life that was the main impulse of musical improvisations and not only improvisations. Brother Filaret later recalled: in the adolescent and youthful years and already in adulthood, Mussorgsky.

The musical talent of the boy was found early. In the seventh year, engaged in the leadership of his mother, he already played the piano of the simple works of F. however, in the family no one seriously thought about his musical future. According to the family tradition, in the city it was a luxurious casemate, where they taught the military ballet, and following the sadly known circular should obey, and the reasoning to keep with him, in every way they knocked out the foolishly from his head, encouraging the secretly frivolous pastime.

The spiritual ripening of Mussorgsky in this situation proceeded very contradictory. He succeeded in the military sciences, for which he was awarded especially kind attention, but at the same time the internal craving for serious development encouraged him to study foreign languages, history, literature, art, to take the lessons of the piano game from the famous teacher A.

Gerke, attend opera performances, contrary to the discontent of the military authorities.

In the city, the prospect of a brilliant military career was opened in front of him. Dargomyzhsky, C. Kui, M. Balakirev opened other ways, and gradually brewing a spiritual fracture came. The composer himself wrote about this: the rapprochement of Mussorgsky filed a petition for a resignation. Despite the persuasion of friends and relatives, he broke with the military service so that nothing distracts him from musical classes.

Mussorgsky is a terrible, irresistible desire for omnivor. He studies the history of the development of musical art, replaying 4 hands with Balakirev a lot of works by L. Beethoven, R. Shuman, F. Schubert, F. Liszt, G. Berlioz, reads a lot, reflects. All this was accompanied by breakdowns, nervous crises, but creative forces were strengthened in the painful overcoming of doubts, an original artistic personality was packed, a worldview position was formed.

The life of the common people is more and more attracted. How many fresh, untouched by art are teeming with art in Russian nature, oh, how much! The creative activity of Mussorgsky began violently. The work went out, each work opened new horizons, even if it did not fully. So the king Edip and Salambo remained incomplete, where for the first time the composer tried to embody the most difficult interweaving of the fate of the people and a strong power personality.

An exceptionally important role for the work of Mussorgsky was played by an unfinished Opera Marriage 1 Act Gogol, setting himself the task of musical reproduction of human speech in all its subtle bends. Fascinated by the idea of ​​programming, Mussorgsky creates, like brothers in a mighty pile, a number of symphonic works, among which - night on bald grief but the most vivid artistic discoveries were carried out in E GG.

There were songs where for the first time in music a gallery of folk types appeared, humiliated and offended people: Calistrate, Gopak, Svetik Savishna, Lullaby to Yeremushka, orphan, mushrooms. It’s amazing the ability of Mussorgsky to accurately and accurately recreate a living nature in music, I will notice what kind of peoples, and then, on occasion, and Tisnu, reproduce a brightly characteristic speech, give the plot to stage visibility.

And most importantly, the songs are permeated with such a power of compassion for a divorced person that in each of them the ordinary fact rises to the level of tragic generalization, to a socio-prophetic pathos. It is no accident that the song Seminarist was prohibited by censorship! The top of the work of Mussorgsky x Mussorgsky began to write it in the cityAfter refinement, one of the results of which was the famous scene near Kroma in Platonova, 3 scenes from the opera were staged, and on February 8, the democratically -minded audience met a new work of Mussorgsky with true enthusiasm.

However, the further fate of the opera was difficult, because this work most decisively destroyed the usual ideas about the opera performance. Everything was new here: both the acute idea of ​​the intransigence of the interests of the people and tsarist power, and the depth of the disclosure of passions and characters, and the psychological complexity of the image of the Tsar-Deutoans.

The musical language turned out to be unusual, about which Mussorgsky himself wrote: with a work on the human dialect, I struck to the melody created by this dialect, I stuck until the reconnecting of the recitative in the melody. Opera Boris Godunov is the first example of a folk musical drama, where the Russian people appeared as a force that decisively affects the course of history.

At the same time, the people are shown many -sidedly: a mass, animated by a single idea, and a gallery of colorful, amazing in their vital reliability of popular characters. The historical plot gave Mussorgsky the opportunity to trace the development of folk spiritual life, to comprehend the past in the present, to put many problems - ethical, psychological, social. The composer shows the tragic doom of folk movements and their historical necessity.

He has a grandiose plan of the opera trilogy dedicated to the fate of the Russian people in the critical, turning points of history. Even during the period of work on Boris Godunov, he hatches the plan of Khovanschina and soon begins to collect materials for the Pugachev region. All this was carried out with the active participation of V. Stasov, who in the X year.

I devote to you all that period of my life, when Khovanshchina will be created, work on Khovanshchina was difficult - Mussorgsky turned to a material that was far beyond the framework of an opera performance. However, he wrote intensively work boiling! At this time, Mussorgsky was severely experienced by the decay of the Balakirevsky circle, cooling relations with Kui and Rimsky-Korsakov, Balakirev’s departure from musical and public activity.

The official service with the city of Mussorgsky was an official of the Forest Department of the Ministry of State Property left only evening and night hours to compose music, and this led to strong overwork and more and more long -term depression. However, contrary to everything, the creative power of the composer in this period is striking in the strength, the wealth of artistic ideas.

In parallel with the tragic Khovanshchina with the city of Mussorgsky, the Sorochinsky fair in Gogol is working on a comic opera. It is good as saving creative forces, ”wrote Mussorgsky. In the summer of G., the idea of ​​writing a picture of the picture from the exhibition arose under the impression of the posthumous exhibition of the works of the artist V. Gartman in February G.

He was a close friend of Mussorgsky, and his sudden death deeply shocked the composer. The work proceeded violently, intensively: the sounds and thoughts hung in the air, swallow and eat up, barely managing to scratch on paper. And in parallel, one after another 3 vocal cycles appear: children's, on the property. They become the result of the entire chamber-vocal work of the composer.

A seriously ill, cruelly suffering from need, loneliness, non -recognition, Mussorgsky stubbornly repeats that he will fight to the last drop of blood. Shortly before death, in the summer of Leonova a large concert trip to the south of Russia and Ukraine, performs the music of Glinka, Kochkustov, Schubert, Chopin, Liszt, Schumann, excerpts from his opera Sorochinsky fair and writes significant words: Fate calls for new musical work, wide musical work.

Mussorgsky’s health has sharply worsened. In February, Mussorgsky was placed in the Nikolaev military-battered hospital, where he died without having time to complete the Khovanshchina and the Sorochinsky Fair. The entire archive of the composer after his death came to Rimsky-Korsakov. He graduated from Khovanschina, implemented the new edition of Boris Godunov and achieved their production on the imperial opera stage.

It seems to me that my name is even Modest Petrovich, and not Nikolai Andreevich, ”Rimsky-Korsakov wrote to his friend. The Sorochinsky fair was completed by A. Dramatic the fate of the composer, the fate of his creative heritage is complicated, but the glory of Mussorgsky is immortal, for the music was for him both the feeling and thought of his beloved Russian people - the song of the landowner Averyanov about him.

Starting a military career, the study of music continues in St. Petersburg, the first lessons of which he received in Karevo, and becomes an excellent pianist and a good singer. Communicates with Dargomyzhsky and Balakirev; resigned in the year; The liberation of peasants in the year is reflected in his financial well -being.