Polikarpov NN Biography

He studied at the Livensky Theological School in the Oryol Theological Seminary, in the year he passed the exam for a secondary educational institution in the 1st Oryol gymnasium and came to further study in the capital. He graduated from the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute and Aviation and Aeronage Courses under him in the year. Since the year, he worked as an engineer at the Russian-Baltic carriage factory in Petrograd, where, under the leadership of I.

Sikorsky, he participated in the construction of the Ilya Muromets aircraft and the design of fighters. In January, N. Polikarpov organized an experimental design department on the basis of the Aviakhim plant and became its boss. In the beginning of the x, N. Polikarpov began to construct Soviet aircraft and achieved outstanding successes. In the spring of the year, together with I.

Kostin and A. Popov, he created the first Soviet I -1 Il fighter, which became the first fighter in the world - a freedom monoplan. Under the leadership of N. Polikarpov, a very successful, by the standards of that time, the reconnaissance aircraft R-1, which became the first mass serial Soviet aircraft, made aircraft. In the year, a five-seater passenger plane of the PM was created in the year a double fighter 2I-N1 was created.

A fighter is being created in the year and the R-5 intelligence officer was created, 4 cars were also built only at the Moscow Aircraft Plant. This aircraft was widely known in connection with the salvation of the expedition of the Chelyuskin steamer and successful use in the conditions of the Arctic, in the development of Siberia and the Far East. The R-5 was used in hostilities during the armed conflict in the CCH in the year, in the conflicts of the 10ths, and even in the first period of the Great Patriotic War.

In the year, N. Polikarpov creates his legendary aircraft of the initial training of the U-2, which has gained worldwide fame and renamed the creator in PO 2 after the death of the designer. U-2 Po 2 was built up to a year. During this time, more than 40 thousand cars were produced, more than thousands of pilots were trained on them. During the Great Patriotic War, the U-2 was successfully used as scouts and night bombers.

However, then the fate of the designer makes a cool turn. Polikarpov was arrested on standard charges - "Participation in the counter -revolutionary wrecking organization." Polikarpov is sentenced to the highest degree of punishment. For more than two months he was waiting for a shot. Here, together with D. Grigorovich in the year, he developed the I-5 fighter, which was in service with 9 years.

The collegium of the OGPU with its resolution of March 18 changed the verdict, replacing it with ten years of camps. After the show of Stalin, Voroshilov, Ordzhonikidze of the Higher aerobatics on the I -5 aircraft piloted by the pilots Chkalov and Anisimov, the OGPU collegium was issued a new resolution of June 28 - to consider the sentence against Polikarpov as usual.

Having been released in May, N. Polikarpov was appointed deputy head of the brigade in the Central Design Bureau P. in the X years he created fighters and, and, and the “seagull”, which formed the basis of the Soviet fighter aircraft in the prewar years, and machines were built, respectively. In the first years after its creation, each of these fighters was one of the best cars of its class in the world.

Kokkinaki set a global height record - meters. Then N. in the year after the arrest of A. Tupoleva N. By the end of the year, a fighter was built and - development with the engine, but the death of V. Chkalov on it in the first test flight again plunged Polikarpov into disgrace. His deputy, the leading designer D. N. Polikarpov, was arrested from the arrest was saved only by the fact that he refused to sign the act of readiness of the aircraft for the first flight.

In May, N. parallel with high -speed and N. Polikarpov continued to work on a series of maneuverable biplans - and the project but work in a new position turned out to be short -lived. In that year, N. Polikarpov went on a business trip to Germany, and in his absence in December this year, the release of the best personnel and production squares of Polikarpov was transferred from the design bureau of the new OKB.

But most importantly, his projects were taken from the designer. In fact, he was in disgrace. He had to create a production base from scratch and recruit employees of the design bureau. In the year, he passed state tests and military trials on the Kalinin Front. But the understructions of the engine of M and the disaster, in which the test pilot V. Stepanchonok, as well as the excessive load of the aircraft plants, did not allow the aircraft to the series.

From the year, the persecution of the designer did not stop, his work was inhibited and remained experienced developments, the country's leadership received proposals to close his design bureau. In the year alone, at one of the major meetings of the leaders of the aviation industry, Stalin took Polikarpov under his defense. Polikarpov was appointed professor and head of the Department of Design of aircraft of the Moscow Aviation Institute.

The last work of an outstanding designer was a project of a missile fighter. He lived in Moscow. He died on July 30 from stomach cancer.He was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. In total, N. Polikarpov developed over 80 aircraft of various types. One of the first to dismember the design of aircraft into specialized parts.

Under the leadership of N. Polikarpov, A. Mikoyan, M. Yangel, A. Polopalov, V. Tairov, V. Nikitin and other specialists, who later became prominent designers of aviation and missile and space equipment, worked. The Doctor of Technical Sciences was awarded 2 Orders of Lenin 5. Laureate of two Stalinist prizes, monuments N. Polikarpov were erected in Moscow, Orle, and Livne of the Oryol region.

In the village of Kalinin, the Oryol region, the N. Museum was opened in Moscow at the house in which N. Polikarpov lived, as well as at the buildings of the Moscow Aviation Institute and the Polytechnic University in St. Petersburg, and memorial boards were installed in the city of Orel on the building of the former theological seminary. On the edge of a small park, next to the historical hangar, its bust and stele with a fighter and a stele are installed