Biography of Nikolai Semenova briefly

Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich Nikolai Semenov - biography Nikolai Semenov - Soviet scientist, researcher of physics and chemistry. The holder of the Nobel Prize in the field of physicochemical sciences, two Stalin and one Lenin Prize. Thanks to the scientific activity of the scientist Nikolai Semenov, the world has received many important studies set forth by him in dozens of works.

The life of a physicochemist was filled with joyful events and anxieties, he had a chance to catch tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union. Having survived the revolution, Stalinist repression and the Great Patriotic War, Semenov remained faithful to his calling - science. To this day, he remains the only Russian researcher who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

When Kolya was 13 years old, the family moved to Samara, where the boy entered a real school. The young man received a certificate of maturity with honors. In the school, Nikolai became interested in physics and chemistry - largely thanks to the teacher Vladimir Karmilov. Semenov has carried friendship with this person through his whole life. Nikolai Semenov showed greatest interest to chemical reactions.

He constantly put all kinds of experiments, which often ended with explosions and fires. Subsequently, explosive reactions will become the main subject of his scientific research. After graduating from the school, Kolya became a student at the Physics and Mathematics Department of Petrograd University. Against such a decision was a father who dreamed of a military career for his son.

The parent and the son were even seriously quarreled, after which for several years they could not establish a relationship.

The first supervisor of Semenov was Abram Fedorovich Ioffe. Under the supervision of the professor, the young scientist studied the ionization of molecules and atoms under the influence of an electronic blow in a gas burner. Having received a university diploma, Nikolai remained within the walls of his native educational institution as a graduate student. In the year, a civil war burst into the calm life of a novice researcher.

In the spring of that year, he stayed in his parental house, where he learned about the recruitment of volunteers in the People’s Army of the Socialist -Revolutionary Government. As the scientist later recalled, at that time he was too young and did not understand what was happening, and therefore made a similar decision. The return to Petrograd was deposited indefinitely.

Having entered the artillery battery by ordinary, the soldier for about a month served as a horse in detachments fighting with the Red Army. Soon the guy realized that the army service was not at all interested in him. Semenov exhausted his vacation and headed to visit his father. While in Samara, the soldier transferred to the Ufa artillery battery, but instead went to Tomsk. The White Guards declared the young man a deserter.

Nikolai got a job at the Tomsk Technological Institute, where he began to teach physics and conduct a research laboratory. It would seem that life began to improve, and the young researcher could calmly engage in scientific activities. However, in the year he was drafted into the army of Alexander Kolchak, and his beloved activities had to be interrupted. Senior Comrade Semenova - Head of the Department of Physics, Boris Weinberg, organized its sending to the radio battalion, from where it was the opportunity to get to the Technological Institute.

When Tomsk was influenced by the Red Army, the radio battalion joined its rows. During repressions, the fact of service in the White Guard almost changed the scientist’s biography at the root. In Leningrad, then there was a case of fascists and terrorists, among whom was Nikolai Semenov. For some reason, the bodies did not deal with the physicist, leaving him in the lists of "unreliable".

Scientific activity after the Civil War with Semenov contacted Professor Ioffe and invited him to return to Petrograd. With the help of an older friend, Nikolai got a job at the X-ray and radiological institute, where he received the position of head of the Laboratory of the Physics and Technical Department. In m, this scientific institution has become called the Leningrad Physics and Technical Institute.

Nikolai Semenov in the laboratory in the same period with Semenov and his friend Peter Kapitsa occurred a curious incident. Friends decided to order their portrait to the artist Boris Kustodiev, who at that time worked on the image of Fedor Chaliapin. Kapitsa turned to the master with the question: “Why don't you draw us, future celebrities? The amazed artist asked if young people were going to become Nobel laureates.

Scientists answered in the affirmative, after which the master postponed the picture of Chaliapin and began to write their portrait. Nikolai Semenov at the presentation of the Nobel Prize Perty Kapitsa became not only a faithful like -minded person for Semenov, but also a close friend. At the beginning of X, they together created a methodology for measuring the magnetic moments of atoms, which Walter Gerlah and Otto Stern later improved.

In the end of the X, the scientist became the head of the chemical and technical department in the Leningrad Fiztekh, and after some time he took the position of professor.In this scientific institution, global transformations occurred and phizteh turned into the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. This institution Nikolai Nikolaevich led more than half a century.

Here, the scientist continued to study issues related to burning, explosions, detonation and flame distribution. The work of the Soviet scientist has gained recognition in the world scientific community. The Institute of Nikolai Nikolaevich was transferred to the capital, where large -scale work began to create an atomic project. In Moscow, the researcher had an ill -wisher in the person of Professor N.

Akulov, who accused a colleague in plagiarism of scientific ideas and short worships to Western scientists. By that time, the friend and ally of Semenov Peter Kapitsa fell into disgrace. This could not but affect the career of a professor who was not going to abandon this friendship. Semenov was not included in the group for testing the atomic bomb, which were held at the Semipalatinsk training ground.

Several employees of Nikolai Nikolayevich participated in this event, but all of them were strictly forbidden to transfer the test results to their leader. Nikolai Semenov at the desktop when Joseph Stalin was gone, the pressure on Semenov was weakened, and after he received the Nobel Prize, the authorities finally changed their attitude towards him. The researcher was awarded the prize in the field of "research in the field of chemical reactions mechanism." The Soviet scientist received this award together with the British physicist Cyril Norman Hinshelwood.

At the beginning of X, the scientist became one of the signatures of the famous letter against Andrei Sakharov, published in the newspaper Pravda. Nikolai Semenov was a member of the fourteen academies of sciences in different parts of the planet. The contribution of physics to domestic science was twice awarded to the Stalin Prize and once Lenin. They may be familiar.