Biography Fenimore Cooper

Home Articles News Founder of an American historical and adventure novel. James Fenimore Cooper's birthday is the founder of an American historical and adventure novel. The birthday of James Fenimore Cooper, the writer's father William Cooper became a major landowner, was engaged in politics, and in the last years of his life he served as a judge. Childhood passed in the border town of Cooperstown, New York, founded by his father and named after the tribal surname.

He graduated from a private school in Albani. At 13, he entered Yale University. Information about the teenager’s hooligan tricks has been preserved: once he brought the donkey into the hall for recitation, and another time he put explosives under the door of a classmate. Cooper studied badly, from the third year he was expelled. He was sent to Ontario Lake, where he participated in the construction of the brig, fish, wandered around the neighborhood and talked with local residents who gave him ideas for future books.

During the service, Cooper visited many countries, rose to the officer. Having quit from the service, he settled in a family house. Once in a year, reading an English romance aloud, Cooper shared with his wife the thought that it was not difficult to write such a story. The wife caught Cooper on a word, in a few weeks he “on a dispute” wrote “Caution”, a story of a moralizing nature about secular life in England, in the spirit of Jane Austin, published it anonymously.

The book aroused the interest of readers, and Cooper continued to compose. The historical novel "Spy" brought the merchant fame in both homeland and in Europe. Then, a cycle of novels about the hunter and Zverekholov Nathaniel Nith Bump-a leather stocking, the hero was created, the hero was called the heroes so called the Indians because of the unusual boots. The aliens-Europeans are fighting the Aborigines-American Indians.

The hero of the cycle is a brave and noble, fair harsh hunter and ranger. A faithful and sincere person. He makes his way through the impenetrable thickets of the forest, paving his path with an ax. He is a free man, a nomad, a lover of wild disobedient nature. His best friends are the Indians: the wise leader of the Mingachguk and the noble young Unkas. Cooper was the first to portray the Indians with full -fledged people worthy of respect, and described the tragedy of this people: white colonialists in different ways exterminated the indigenous population of America, intervening in the normal course of life.

The cycle includes the novels “Pioneers”, “The Last of the Mogican” The most famous novel by D. Cooper, “Prairiy”, “Ranger” and “St. John's wort” in the year Cooper moved to Europe, where the book business was much better developed. He managed to make good money, but his views of the Republican were poorly combined with a monarchical way. In the year he returned to the USA. In addition to the adventures of Nati Bampo, the author was inspired by the stories from his marine past, the novels “Lotsman”, “Red Corsair”, “On land and at sea”, “Sea sorceress”, “Two admirals”, “Wandering fire”, “sea lions” were written.

The book multiplied the fame of the writer, it is still considered an authoritative source, despite the fact that the author was criticized for inaccuracies and bias in the description of some events. In years, Cooper published a lawsuit about the scandalous case of commander A. Mackenzi of the famous writer-Marinist. Classic of adventure literature. The author of about 40 novels and stories, books of travel and journalistic essays, historical research.

It is important to remember that it was difficult for the writer's compatriots to accept the historical and political facts on which he relied in his works. Cooper's historical novels gave an idea of ​​American society the time of the development of America, of the unpleasant manifestations of American democracy. Cooper wrote on this subject: “I went back with my country. The gap between us is huge.

And who is right will tell time. ” Cooper is also the first American writer recognized in the old world. His work was highly appreciated in Europe and Russia. Often called the American Walter Scott. The first translations of Cooper’s novels into Russian were made by the children's writer A. Ishimova in the years. The novel “The Runner” named “The Discover of Traces” was published in the journal “Domestic Notes” in the year, V.

Belinsky perceived the work as “Shakespearean drama in the form of a novel”. Cooper ranked the classics of world literature. Director P. Lyubimov in the year made the film of the same name based on the novel "Rastypes." Rostotsky year. According to the novel “The Last of the Mogican”, a feature film was created, dir. Mann and animated series Italy, dir. James Fenimore Cooper, the last of the Mogican Roman, a fragment, I started to know the worst and most terrible that you could bring me, is ready to hear the painful news soon - the kingdom died?!

Shakespeare may be, along the huge length of the border, which separated the ownership of the French from the territory of the English colonies of North America, there are no more eloquent monuments of cruel and ferocious wars - years than in the area lying at the origins of the Hudson and near the neighboring lakes.This area represented such amenities for the movement of troops that they could not be neglected.

The water surface of Shamplain stretched from Canada and deeply drove into the colony of New York; As a result of this, Lake Shamplain served as the most convenient way of the message, according to which the French could swim to half the distance that separated them from the enemy. Near the southern edge of Lake Shamplain, the crystally clear waters of Lake Khoriken, Holy Lake, merge with him.

The holy lake is wriggling between countless islands, and it is crowded with low coastal mountains. With bends, it stretches far to the south, where it rests on the plateau. From this point, a multi -piece fiber began, which led the traveler to the shore of Hudson; Here, swimming along the river became comfortable, since the flow is free from the thresholds. Fulfilling their warlike plans, the French tried to penetrate the most distant and inaccessible gorges of the Allegan Mountains and drew attention to the natural advantages of the area we had just described.

Indeed, she soon turned into a bloody arena of numerous battles, which the warring parties hoped to solve the issue of possession of the colonies.

Here, in the most important places, rising above the surrounding paths, fortresses grew; They were mastered by one or the other warring side; They were torn, then rebuilt again, depending on whose banner it soared above the fortress. While peaceful farmers tried to stay away from dangerous mountain gorges, hiding in ancient settlements, numerous military forces delved into virgin forests.

The few, exhausted by deprivations and hardships, fell in spirit from failures, returned from there. Although this turbulent land did not know peaceful crafts, his forests often revived the presence of man. Under the canopy of branches and valleys, the sounds of marches were heard, and the echo in the mountains was repeated by the laughter, then the cries of many and many carefree young brave men who, in the prime of their strength, hurried here to plunge into a deep dream for a long night of oblivion.

It was in this arena of bloody wars that events were launched, which we will try to tell about. Our narrative dates back to the third year of the war between France and England, who struggled for power over the country, which was not destined to keep either one or the other in their hands. The dullness of military leaders abroad and the harmful inactivity of advisers at the court deprived the UK of that proud prestige, which was won by her talent and courage of her former soldiers and statesmen.

The British troops were defeated by a handful of French and Indians; This unexpected defeat deprived the protection of most of the border. And after real disasters, many imaginary, imaginary dangers grew. In every gust of wind, coming from limitless forests, frightened settlers, wild cries and an ominous howl of the Indians. Under the influence of fear, the danger took unprecedented dimensions; common sense could not fight an alarmed imagination.

Even the most daring, self -confident, energetic began to doubt the favorable outcome of the struggle. The number of cowardly and cowardly increased incredibly; It seemed to them that in the near future all the American possessions of England would be the property of the French or will be devastated by Indian tribes - the allies of France. Therefore, when in the English fortress, which was exalted in the southern part of the plateau between the Hudson and the lakes, news of the appearance of Monkalma Marquis and the Locky Baltons added that this general was moving with a detachment, “in which soldiers that are the leaves in the forest”, a terrible message was accepted more with cowardly humility than with severe satisfaction, which would follow.

Feel a warrior who discovered an enemy next to him. The news of the onset of the Moncalm of the pier in the midst of summer; She was brought by the Indian at the time when the day was already in the evening. Together with the terrible news, the messenger handed the camp commander a request to Munro, the commandant of one of the forts on the banks of the Holy Lake, and immediately send him a strong reinforcement.

The distance between the fort and the fortress, which the forest resident passed within two hours, a military detachment, with his convoy, could cover between sunrise and sunset. One of these fortifications, faithful supporters of the English crown called the William-Genri fort, and the other by the Edward Fort, named after the princes of the royal family.

The veteran-spokesman Munro commanded the fortel of William-Genry. It stood one of the regular regiments and a small detachment of colonists-volunteers; It was a garrison, too small for the fight against the approaches of Moncalm. The position of commandant in the second fortress was held by General of Webb; Under his command was the royal army of over five thousand people.

If the webb connected all his detachments scattered in various places, he could put forward twice as many soldiers against the enemy than the entrepreneurial Frenchman, who dared to leave so far from his replenishment with the army, is not much more than that of the British.However, the British generals and their subordinates, frightened by failures, preferred to wait in their fortress of the menacing enemy, not risking to meet Moncalm in order to surpass the good performances of the French at the Dexomas fort, give the enemy a battle and stop him.

When the first excitement, caused by terrible news, subsided in a camp, protected by trenches and located on the shore of the Hudson in the form of a chain of fortifications that covered the Fort itself, it was a rumor that one and a half thousands of a selection detachment should move from the fortress to Fort William-Genry. This hearing was soon confirmed; We learned that several detachments received an order to hastily prepare for the campaign.

All doubts about the intentions of the webbarased, and for two to three hours a hasty running around was heard in the camp, preoccupied faces flashed. The newborn anxiously scurried back and forth, fussed and with excessive zeal only slowed down the fees for the performance; An experienced veteran was armed quite coldly, leisurely, although strict features and a preoccupied look clearly said that a terrible struggle in the forests did not particularly please his heart.

Finally, the sun hid in the stream of radiance in the west beyond the mountains, and when the night enveloped with her cover this secluded place, the noise and vanity of preparations for the campaign fell silent; In log huts of officers, the last light went out; The thickening shadows of the trees lay on the earthen ramparts and a murmuring stream, and a few minutes later the whole camp plunged into the same silence that reigned in neighboring dense forests.

According to the order, given the night before, the deep dream of the soldier was broken by the deafening roar of drums, whose rolled echo was far carried in the wet morning air, echoing in every forest corner; The day was engaged in the cloudless sky in the east, and the outlines of high shaggy pines performed on it more and more clearly. A minute later, life boiled in the camp; Even the most negligent soldier and he got to his feet to see the performance of the detachment and, together with his comrades, survive the excitement of this minute.

The simple fees of the speaker - the detachment soon ended. The soldiers built in combat detachments. Royal mercenaries flaunted on the right flank; More modest volunteers, among the settlers, dutifully took places on the left. The scouts performed. A strong convoy accompanied the carts with camping equipment; And, before the first rays of the sun pierced the gray morning, the column set off.