Biography of Mangala Panda

Manggal Panday was born in the naga, the village of Upper District of the Bell, subordinate and conquered provinces of Uttar-Pradesh, in the family of Hindu bramins. Pandal Mall entered the Bengal army in the year. In March, he was an ordinary Sipai in the 5th company of the Bengal local infantry. The rebellion in the afternoon of March 29, Lieutenant Bogug, the adjutant of the Bengal Infantry Regiment, who was then in the Barakpor, was informed that several soldiers of his regiment were in an excited state.

Then they reported to him that one of them, Mall Pandy, walked in front of the guard's room by the parade ground, armed with a charged musket, urging people to rebel and threatening to shoot the first European, whom he looked at. The testimonies during the subsequent investigation showed that Pandy, worried about the riots among Sipaev and intoxicated by the narcotic bhang, grabbed his weapon and ran to the building of the quarterly guard, learning that the detachment of British soldiers landed from the ship near the town ..

Bogog immediately armed himself on his horse. Pandy took a position behind the station weapon, which was ahead of the quarter -heading of the regiment, aimed at Bogog and fired. He missed Bogog, but the bullet hit his horse, knocking down both the horse and her horseman. Bogug quickly got out and, grabbing one of his pistols, moved to Pandury and shot. He missed. Before Bogug was able to pull out his sword, Pandi attack him with a Talvar with a heavy Indian sword and, approaching the adjutant, hit Bauga on the shoulder and neck and threw him to the ground.

It was then that the other Sipai, Sheikh Palta, intervened and tried to keep Pandy, even when he tried to reload his musket. The British sergeant-major named Husson arrived at the parade ground caused by a local officer, earlier than Bogog. He ordered Jemadar Ishvari Prasada, an Indian officer who commanded the quarterly guards, to arrest Panda. To this, Jemadar said that his sergeants turned for help and that he could not take Pandy alone.

In response, Husson ordered Ishvari Prasada to fall into guard with charged weapons. Meanwhile, a Bogog appeared on the field with a cry: “Where is it? Where is he? Sipai will shoot at you! At that moment, Pandy shot. Husson attacked Pandy when he fought with Lieutenant Bogog. In a collision with Pandy, Husson was shot down on the ground from behind with a blow from the musket Pandy.

Other sipaev was brought to the sound of barracks from the barracks; They remained dumb viewers. At that moment, Sheikh Paltu, trying to protect two British, called on the other Sipaev to help him. Dumbfounded with sipas, who threw stones and shoes in his back, Sheikh Paltu called on guard to help him hold Panda, but they threatened to shoot him if he did not let the rebel.

Then, several sipals of the quarterly guards came up and hit two defeated officers. Then they threatened Sheikh Palta and ordered him to free Pandy, whom he tried in vain to restrain. However, Palte continued to hold Pandy, until Bogug and sergeant could not rise. Palta, who had already been injured, was forced to weaken the grip. He backed away in one direction, and Bogog and Husson - in the other, receiving blows with the butt of the muskets of the guards.

Meanwhile, the incident report was transferred to the commander General Hirsi, who then rode to the ground with his two sons-officers. Realizing what was happening, he drove up to the guard, pulled out a gun and ordered them to fulfill his duty and grab the grill Pandei. The general threatened to shoot the first one who was not obeyed. The fighters of the quarterly guard fell and followed Hirsy towards Pandy.

Then Pandy pressed the muzzle of the musket to his chest and discharged him, pressing his foot on the trigger. He fell, bleeding, his regimental jacket was burning, but was not mortally wounded. Pandy recovered and in less than a week appeared in court. When he was asked if he was under the influence of any substances, he firmly stated that he had raised the rebellion of his own will and that no other person played any role in his encouraging.

He was sentenced to death by hanging with Jemadar Ishvari prasad after the three Sikh members of the quarterly guard showed that the latter ordered them not to arrest Panda. The execution of Mangala Pandei took place on April 8. Jemadar Ishvari Prasad was executed by hanging on April 21. The consequences of the scene from the Indian uprising of the year, the BNI regiment was disbanded “with shame” on May 6 as a collective punishment after the government conducted by the government for non -fulfillment of its duty to contain the rebellious soldier and his officer.

This happened after six weeks, while the petitions of condescension were considered in Calcutta. Sepa Sheikh Paltu was promoted to Havaldar sergeant for his behavior on March 29, but he was killed in the isolated part of the Barakpur camp shortly before the disbandment of the regiment.The Indian historian Surendra Nat September notes that the BNI had a good recent reputation and that the Investigative Court did not find any evidence of the connection with the riots in the Berhampore, in which the BNI participated four weeks before, see the actions of the Mangala Pandy and the inability of the armed and duty Sipaev quarter-guard convinced the British military authorities of the unreliable regiment.

It turned out that Pandy acted without first assuring the other Sipaev, but this antipathy for their British officers in the regiment forced the majority of those present to act as spectators, and not obey orders. Motivation Personal motivation for the behavior of Mangal Pandy remains confusing. During the incident itself, he shouted to other sipas: “Come out - Europeans here”; “Having bitten these cartridges, we will become incorrect” and “You sent me here, why don't you follow me.” At the trial, he stated that he took Bhang and opium and did not realize his actions on March 29.

Immediately before the event in the Barakpor in the Bengal army there were a number of factors that cause concerns and distrust. The Pandhi link to cartridges is usually associated with a new type of bullet cartridge used in the Enfield P rifle, which was supposed to be entered into the Bengal army in the same year. It was believed that the cartridge is lubricated with animal fat, mainly cow and pig, which could not be eaten, respectively, Hinduists and Muslims were the former of the Hindus sacred animal, and the latter hated Muslims.

The cartridges had to be bought at one end before use. Indian troops in some regiments were of the opinion that this was the intentional action of the British in order to desecrate their religion. Colonel S. Willer from Go BNI was known as a zealous Christian preacher. The wife of Captain William Hallide from Go BNI printed the Bible on Urda and Hindi and spread among Sipaev, which aroused their suspicions that the British intended to convert them to Christianity.

The annexation had negative consequences for Sipaev in the Bengal army, a significant part of which came from this princely state. Before the annexation, these Sipai had the right to petition to the British resident in Lakhnau of Justice - a significant privilege in the context of local courts. As a result of the actions of the East India Company, they lost this special status, since the audit no longer existed as a nominally independent political education.

However, until the rebellion they did not give out new rifles, and the cartridges in the regiment store were the same free. The paper from which the cartridges turned around was a different color, which caused suspicion. Non-commissioned officers of the regiment refused to accept cartridges on February 26. This information was transferred to the commander to Colonel William Mitchell; He took the task of convincing Sipaev that the cartridges are no different from those to which they were used to, and that they did not need to bite them.

He completed his exhortation by appeal to local officers with an appeal to defend the honor of the regiment and the threat of the military tribunal of Sipaev, who refused to accept the cartridge. However, the next morning, Sipai of the regiment captured the arms bell. The subsequent Mitchell's conciliation behavior convinced Sipaev to return to his huts. The Investigative Court was appointed an investigative court, which, after an investigation that lasted almost a month, recommended dissolving BNI.

The same was carried out on March 31. The nineteenth BNI was allowed to leave uniforms, and the government provided them with benefits for returning to their homes. Both Colonel Mitchell from the GO BNI, and after the incident on March 29, Colonel Willer from the BNI Pandi were declared unsuitable for leading any new regiments created to replace the disbanded parts.

The consequences of Panda’s attack and his punishment are widely seen as the first scene of what became known as the Indian uprising of G. Mall Pandi influenced later figures in the Indian nationalist movement, such as V. Savarkar, who considered his motive as one of the earliest manifestations of Indian nationalism. Modern Indian nationalists depict Pandi as the organizer of the conspiracy to rebellion against the British, although the recently published analysis of events directly preceding the outbreak concludes that "few historical evidence confirming any of these revisionist interpretations." During the subsequent uprising, Pandy or Pandy became a derogatory term used by British soldiers and civilians when they referred to the rebellious Sipai.

It was a direct derivative on behalf of Mall Pandy. The movie, the scene and literature on August 12, a film was released on the sequence of events that led to the rebellion, called “Mandal Panday: ascent” with Indian actor Aamir Khan in the title role with Rani Mukerji, Amisha Patel and Toby Stevens, director Ketan Mehta. Panda's life became the subject of the play “Roti's uprising”, written and staged by Supria Karunakaran.Samad Ikbal, a fictional descendant of the grill Pandei, is the central character of Zedi Smith's debut novel “White Teeth”.

Pandy has a great influence on the life of Samad, the characters of the novel repeatedly refer to him repeatedly. The government of India honored the memory of Pandy with the release of the postage stamp with its image on October 5. The brand and the accompanying cover of the first day were developed by the artist from Delhi Ch. Park named after Shahid Mangala Pandaeus Mach Vydyan was created in Barakpor to commemorate the place where Panday attacked British officers and was subsequently hanged.

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